Heidelberg. Although a good customer service is important or very important to most electricity customers (90 percent), every second (51 percent) would tolerate cuts if the price goes down. One in five (20 percent) even advocates holding on to nuclear power for cheaper electricity . This has resulted in a representative survey commissioned by the consumer portal Verivox.
News / Electricity
Picture: Electricity pylons Image: c JWS / fotolia.com / Text: Verivox
Power customers expect this from their provider
As the survey also found, eight out of ten consumers (78 percent) want fast response times from their provider. Sixty-two percent of respondents consider it important to be able to carry out simple contract matters, such as meter readings, online. For more than half (58 percent), good service also means that the electricity provider, unsolicited and independent, proposes a cheaper tariff (if available) from the product range. The young age group of 18 to 19-year-olds (64 percent) also wants comprehensive and individual advice.
These service faux pas resent electricity customers
As an absolute no-go, the majority (83 percent) feel that price increases and contract changes are hidden in e-mails, advertising brochures or long texts. Three quarters of respondents (74 percent) are also annoyed if they receive insufficient or misinformed information. Seven out of ten electricity customers (70 percent) are annoyed when employees treat them as unfriendly. Even for long waiting times at the telephone hotline 44 percent of respondents have no understanding.
Public ratings underestimated as a means of power
Good to know for the electricity providers: Poor customer service often has consequences, because the majority of electricity customers (63 percent) then look around for a new provider. Six out of ten consumers (60 percent) also complain directly to the company, while more than one in two (55 percent) share their negative experiences with family, friends and work colleagues. However, only one in ten (10 percent) would publish their anger about the company on social media.
To methodology
The representative survey data were determined online by the market research institute eResult in spring 2018. 1,000 people aged 18 to 59 years were interviewed.
エレクトロニクス産業は台湾で飛躍的発展を遂げ、台湾で最も電力多消費の産業となった。この発展には低い電気料金が寄与した。日本では同様なエレクトロニクス産業の発展は見られなかった。しかし近年になって、台湾の電力を取り巻く政治情勢は日本と類似してきた。すなわち、これまで電力供給を支えてきた原子力・石炭火力発電に対して反対運動が起きており、他方で温暖化対策として再生可能エネルギーが推進され、厳しい CO2 目標が設定された。これによって電力価格の高騰が懸念される。台湾はこの状況を解決し、エレクロトニクス産業の成長を続けられるであろうか。
>環境省は経済産業省と共同で、最新鋭の火力発電技術をまとめたBAT（Best Available Technology）を定期的に更新して発表している。最新のBATでは建設中・開発中の石炭火力にUSCを推奨して発電事業者に採用を促している（図6）。それに合致した計画に難色を示すのであれば、BATを策定する意味がなくなる。BATのあり方も見直しが必要だ。
IT mediaは何を言いたいのかな？お墨付きを与えるだけのBATの公表を止めろということなのかな？
環境省は経済産業省と共同で、最新鋭の火力発電技術をまとめたBAT（Best Available Technology）を定期的に更新して発表している。最新のBATでは建設中・開発中の石炭火力にUSCを推奨して発電事業者に採用を促している（図6）。それに合致した計画に難色を示すのであれば、BATを策定する意味がなくなる。BATのあり方も見直しが必要だ。
PARIS, Aug 2 (Reuters) - European power contracts for day-ahead delivery rose on Thursday, buoyed by forecasts for tight nuclear availability due to a prolonged heatwave, and increased consumption in France.
Hot weather makes it harder for nuclear plants to cool reactors, forcing some to cut output.
* French baseload spot power price for Friday delivery was up 7.3 percent at 63.85 euros ($74.14) a megawatt hour (MWh).
* The German contract rose 6.3 percent to 62.75 euros/MWh .
* Weather-related curtailment at France’s Bugey and St. Alban nuclear plant and an outage at the 1,300 megawatt (MW) Paluel 2 reactor were driving gains in spot prices, a trader said.
* EDF, which operates France’s 58 nuclear reactors, said on Wednesday that forecasts of high temperatures in the Rhone River could lead to the shutdown four nuclear reactors from Aug. 3.
* Grid operator RTE’s data showed on Thursday that production was reduced at the Bugey 3 reactor by 665 MW, while the 1,300 megawatt St. Alban facility 1 is expected to be offline until Aug. 4.
* In Germany, utility E.ON said its 1,486 MW Isar 2 reactor will go offline on Friday for repairs to a turbine part. Overall, less than three percent of German nuclear capacity is currently not operating.
* German wind power generation is also expected to slip by around 500 MW on Friday to 2 GW.
* On the demand side, French electricity consumption is expected to rise by 830 MW to 48.2 gigawatts (GW). Average temperatures were expected to rise by nearly 2 degrees Celsius, increasing demand for cooling.
* German demand on Friday is expected dip to 61 GW from 62.3 GW the previous day as businesses close ahead of the weekend.
* Along the year-ahead power curve, contracts for 2019 delivery fell, tracking a drop in carbon, coal and gas prices.
* The benchmark German Cal’19 year-ahead delivery contract dipped 0.6 percent to 43.75 euros/MWh.
* The French year-ahead contract was down 0.3 percent at 48.75 euros/MWh.
* European carbon permits for December 2018 expiry fell 0.7 percent to 17.65 euros a tonne.
* European delivery AP12 coal for import in 2019 slipped 1.4 percent to $84.30 a tonne close.
* In eastern Europe, Czech day-ahead spot, which mirrors the German position, gained 6.2 percent to 62.70 euros/MWh. The Czech year-ahead fell 0.6 percent to 45.10 euros/MWh.
About 550 temporary pink slips are now permanent after Cameo Corp. announced plans to indefinitely suspend production at two of its temporarily shuttered uranium facilities in northern Saskatchewan.
Another 150 people working at the Saskatoon-based uranium miner’s head office are expected to lose their jobs in the coming days, Cameco announced late Wednesday afternoon.
The cuts, which leave Cameco with a single operating mine in Saskatchewan, are what Cameco CEO Tim Gitzel described as another “tough decision” in response to persistently weak uranium prices.
“We don’t know today, and we don’t want to speculate (on when the operations will restart), because we don’t want to put any false hope out. It could be a significant period of time,” Gitzel said.
Late last year, Postmedia News reported that the Saskatoon-based uranium miner planned to shut down its McArthur River mine and Key Lake mill for 10 months beginning in early 2018.
Those shutdowns are now “indeterminate” as the company takes what Gitzel described as “supply actions,” decisions meant to reduce the amount and boost the price of uranium on the market.
“Obviously, there’s excess uranium around the planet. We didn’t want to add to that, because that will just exacerbate the problem,” he said, adding that Cameco will also buy uranium to fill its contracts.
The layoffs are expected to cost Cameco up to $45 million in severance this year. Its flagship Cigar Lake mine in northern Saskatchewan is now the province’s sole operating uranium mine.
>>4768-4769
Cameco is one of northern Saskatchewan’s most important businesses, particularly when it comes to employing Indigenous people, a point Energy and Resources Minister Bronwyn Eyre made in a statement issued Wednesday.
“Now more than ever, all levels of government need to be engaged on this important file to ensure market access for Saskatchewan’s natural resource industries, such as uranium,” Eyre said in the statement, hinting at the recent U.S. probe of uranium imports.
Cameco, which returned to the red this week by posting a $76-million loss on revenues totalling $333 million, has been cutting costs in the face of weak prices, sent plummeting by the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
The company previously shut down its Rabbit Lake mine in northern Saskatchewan, at a cost of about 500 jobs, slashed about 120 jobs from its headquarters in Saskatoon and curtained its U.S. uranium production operations.
While the news release announcing the plans took a bleaker tone than previous statements, which have expressed confidence in its “lower-for-longer” strategy, Gitzel said Cameco is not exploring the possibility of a sale and remains confident in growing demand.
“We’re going to muscle our way through this. This is a tough day and some tough decisions but we think we’ve got some excellent assets. Right now, we’re better off leaving that Saskatchewan uranium in the ground and buying on the market to fill our contracts … It’s coming back, it’s just a question of when.”
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(Reuters) - California's power grid operator on Monday issued an alert to homes and businesses to conserve electricity on Tuesday and Wednesday when a heat wave is expected to blanket the state.
The California Independent System Operator (ISO), the grid operator, said it issued the so-called "Flex Alert" due to high temperatures across the western United States, reduced electricity imports into the state, tight natural gas supplies in Southern California and high wildfire risk.
The ISO's alert followed an earlier notice by Southern California Gas Co (SoCalGas), the gas utility for the southern part of the state.
SoCalGas issued a gas curtailment watch on Monday, notifying customers to be prepared to reduce gas use if needed, with power generators expected to burn more fuel this week than usual to keep air conditioners humming.
SoCalGas, a unit of California energy company Sempra Energy, said the watch would remain in effect until further notice.
High temperatures in Los Angeles were forecast to top 90 degrees Fahrenheit (32 Celsius) Monday-Friday with the mercury expected to reach 97 degrees on Wednesday, according to AccuWeather. The normal high in the city at this time of year is 84 degrees.
The ISO said consumers "can help avoid power interruptions" by turning off all unnecessary lights, using major appliances before 5 p.m. and after 9 p.m., and setting air conditioners to 78 degrees or higher.
Gas supplies are expected to remain tight in Southern California this summer and winter due to reduced availability from SoCalGas' Aliso Canyon storage facility in Los Angeles, following a massive leak between October 2015 and February 2016, and ongoing shutdowns of several pipelines.
SoCalGas projected gas demand would rise from 3.0 billion cubic feet per day (bcfd) on Monday to 3.1 bcfd on Tuesday and 3.2 bcfd on Wednesday and Thursday, while receipts of the fuel via pipelines into California would only total about 2.6 bcfd.
That means SoCalGas will have to tap storage fields to make up the difference, which could hurt the utility's ability to stockpile enough fuel to avoid curtailments for some power and industrial customers on the coldest days during the winter heating season.
State and federal agencies have projected SoCalGas will only be able to deliver about 3.6 bcfd from non-Aliso storage fields due to the Aliso limitations and pipeline outages, which has only occurred once in the summer in the past five years but is fairly common in the winter.
(Reporting by Scott DiSavino; editing by Jonathan Oatis and Susan Thomas)
A. 原子力発電所（大飯発電所は加圧水型軽水炉）では、原子炉の熱を利用して大量の蒸気を作り、その蒸気でタービンを回して発電します。 今回のように送電が停止した場合は、原子炉の出力を低下させるとともに、タービンを回す蒸気を直接復水器に導き、発電する量を約５％程度（発電所内で使う量）まで急激に減らします。このような運転状態を「所内単独運転」といいます。 今回、大飯３・４号機は所内単独運転となりましたが、１・２号機は３・４号機に比べ、復水器へ逃がせる蒸気量が少ないため、蒸気発生器の水位が変動し、原子炉が自動停止しました。 いずれの場合も、設備や周辺環境の安全には問題ありません。
＜文／牧田寛 Twitter ID:@BB45_Colorado photo／USMDA via flickr（CC BY 2.0）＞
まきた ひろし●著述家・工学博士。徳島大学助手を経て高知工科大学助教、元コロラド大学コロラドスプリングス校客員教授。勤務先大学との関係が著しく悪化し心身を痛めた後解雇。1年半の沈黙の後著述家として再起。本来の専門は、分子反応論、錯体化学、鉱物化学、ワイドギャップ半導体だが、原子力及び核、軍事については、独自に調査・取材を進めてきた。原発問題についてのメルマガを近日配信開始予定
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The preliminary design of the Yanlong swimming pool-type low-temperature reactor for district heating has been completed, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) announced yesterday.
（２）九州エリアにおける発電設備の運転可能周波数の拡大
運転可能周波数の拡大検討にあたっては、
① 発電機の運転可能周波数の確認
② 自家発、太陽光発電等の周波数上昇リレー（OFR）整定値の調査・確認と大量解列防止方法
の確立
③ 九州エリアが単独系統となった後の周波数維持制御の確認
等が必要であるため、今後、継続的に検討を進めていく。
>The new law allows up to 40% of the state’s electricity to come from other zero-carbon sources, including nuclear energy and fossil fuel plants, as long as they capture their carbon emissions.
一般に電気機器（発電機・電動機など）は「設備利用率」が定義されていますが、送電配電線の場合、熱容量だけでなく系統運用の観点からさまざまな制約があり、「運用容量」が時々刻々と変化するため、基準となる「定格容量」が定義できず、他の電気機器と同じように単純に求めることができません。そこで、本分析では、文献(2),(3)に従って、運用容量実績の年間最大値を基準に利用率を定義する方法を採用することとしました。本分析では「年間最大運用容量基準の利用率」と呼ぶこととします。
(2)Y. Yasuda et al.: “An Objective Measure of Interconnection Usage for High Levels of Wind Integration”, Proc. of 14th Wind Integration Workshop, WIW14-1227 (2014)
(3)安田陽:「再生可能エネルギー大量導入のための連系線利用率の国際比較」, 電気学会 新エネルギー・環境／メタボリズム社会・環境システム 合同研究会, FTE-16-002, MES-16-002 (2016)
The first steam generator for China's demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) has completed air pressure tests, confirming its integrity, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) has announced.
The test was completed on 29 September, one month ahead of schedule, CNNC said. Completion of the test "indicates that China has fully mastered the design and manufacture" of steam generators for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, according to the company.
Work began on the demonstration HTR-PM unit - which features two small reactors and a turbine - at China Huaneng's Shidaowan site in December 2012. China Huaneng is the lead organisation in the consortium to build the demonstration units together with CNNC subsidiary China Nuclear Engineering Corporation (CNEC) and Tsinghua University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, which is the research and development leader. Chinergy, a joint venture of Tsinghua and CNEC, is the main contractor for the nuclear island.
The demonstration plant's twin HTR-PM reactors will drive a single 210 MWe turbine. Helium gas will be used as the primary circuit coolant. The steam generator transfers heat from helium coolant to a water/steam loop. The design temperature of the HTR-PM reaches 750°C. "The overall structure is very complex, and the requirements for raw materials and manufacturing processes are extremely high," said CNNC.
The pressure vessel of the first reactor was installed within the unit's containment building in March 2016. The vessel - about 25 metres in height and weighing about 700 tonnes - was manufactured by Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment. The second reactor pressure vessel was installed later that year.
The first of the graphite moderator spheres was loaded within the core of the first reactor in April last year. In July, the thermal hydraulic parameters of the steam generator were validated. The demonstration HTR-PM is expected to be connected to the grid and start electricity generation this year.
A further 18 such HTR-PM units are proposed at Shidaowan.
Beyond HTR-PM, China proposes a scaled-up version called HTR-PM600, which sees one large turbine rated at 650 MWe driven by some six HTR-PM reactor units. Feasibility studies on HTR-PM600 deployment are under way for Sanmen, Zhejiang province; Ruijin, Jiangxi province; Xiapu and Wan'an, in Fujian province; and Bai'an, Guangdong province.
IEA WARNS SWITZERLAND ON NUCLEAR ENERGY GAP: Switzerland’s nuclear phaseout will create an energy gap of at least 20 TWh a year that will need to be replaced with other generation technologies, possibly including new fossil fuel capacity, a report says. https://bit.ly/2A013cw ツイートを翻訳
優先給電ルールにおいて火力発電や揚水発電（電源I, II, III）による調整の次に「連系線を活用した九州地区外への供給」が行われることになっている。しかし、2018年5月3日の12時台のように太陽光発電の割合が80%を超えるような状況でも連系線の活用は行われておらず、逆に地区外への送電量が減少している（図２）。これは、太陽光発電のピーク時に連系線を積極的に活用している四国電力の運用（図４）とは好対照である。
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決壊ダム高さ、コスト削減で6.4メートルもカット
団藤保晴
2018年10月17日 20:04
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facebook274
はてな1
７月にラオスで起きたダム決壊の原因は、建設にあたった韓国企業がコスト削減のために設計よりもダム堤防を6.4メートルも低く建設したからと見られ始めました。これによる工期短縮でボーナスまで得ていました。ハンギョレ新聞の英語版《SK E&C’s attempts to cut costs led to design changes that resulted in collapse of dam in Laos》が15日に報じました。８月に書いた第588回「ラオス決壊は土のダムで越流させた設計と管理ミス」での指摘に合致します。
ハンギョレ新聞は与党国会議員が入手した2012年11月付け文書「Laos Dam Project Implementation Plan」をもとに報じています。韓国ＳＫ建設は詳細設計段階で補助ダムの形と材料を変更して1900万ドルをカットしました。湛水テスト開始に向けて、建設が遅れていたのをカバーしてボーナスまで受け取りました。最も目立つのは、決壊したダムが高さ25メートルで基本設計されていたのに18.6メートルで造られた点です。他の補助ダムも高さ10メートルが3.5メートルに落とされました。利益を増やすための設計変更について、ＳＫ建設側は「補助ダムはメインダム工事に比べて重要でないとみなされていた」と国会議員の聞き取りに答えています。
Dive Brief:
Building renewable energy resources in Indiana is cheaper than keeping existing coal plants open, according to new plans from one utility in the state.
Last week, Northern Indiana Public Service Co. (NIPSCO) presented analysis for its 2018 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), finding it can save customers more than $4 billion over 30 years by moving from 65% coal today to 15% coal in 2023 and eliminating the resource by 2028.
To replace retiring coal, NIPSCO found that a portfolio of solar, storage, wind and demand management is the most cost effective, along with a small amount of market purchases from the Midcontinent ISO. The utility will file its IRP on Oct. 31.
また、事故からだいぶ年月が経った今では、環境要因からくる減少も非常に起こりにくくなっているはずである［例えば2018年のSanada（日本原子力研究開発機構）らの論文を参考にされたい （参照：Evaluation of ecological half-life of dose rate based on airborne radiation monitoring following the Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant accident）］。今後、環境要因からくる空間線量率の減少にどれくらい期待できるかは、未知数であろう。
Coal is king in Indiana when it comes to making electricity, but not for much longer. On October 31, Northern Indiana Public Service Co. filed its latest Integrated Resource Plan ? the company’s road map to the future. After considering more than 30 different proposals, NIPSCO found a mix of solar, wind, energy storage, and demand management ? along with a small amount of purchases from Midcontinent ISO ? to be the most cost effective way to supply its customers with electricity in coming years.
Schahfer coal fired generating station will be replaced by renewables
In fact, the analysis that went into creating the IRP shows the plan will save NIPSCO customers more than $4 billion over the next 30 years. The plan will see the role of coal decrease from 65% today to 15% in 2023 before reaching zero in 2028. The company owns and operates the 1900 MW Schahfer coal generating station located in Wheatfield, Indiana. Schahfer is one of the dirtiest facilities in the US, spewing out more than 8 million tons of carbon dioxide a year. Its newest units were built in the 1980s.
To replace its Schahfer and Michigan City coal fired generating plants, NIPSCO plans to use a mixture of 1,500 MW of solar and storage, 150 MW of wind, 125 MW of efficiency and demand-side management, and 50 MW of market purchases by 2028, according to Utility Dive.
The Indiana Coal Council begged the utility to take another look at its figures before making a decision. But even taking the best case scenario suggest by the Council, which included higher natural gas prices than exist today, the numbers still added up to a win for renewables. “Across all scenarios, converting both Unit 17 and 18 [of Schahfer] would cost NIPSCO customers between $540 [million] to $1.04 [billion] more than retirement and replacement with economically optimized resource selections from the RFP results,” the utility reported.
The score? Renewables 1, coal 0. That is remarkable in a state that ranks 7th in the US in coal production and 3rd in coal consumption. The transition will come with some costs, however. Connecting all those new renewable resources to the grid will require some expenditures to build new infrastructure. The IRP calls for a temporary increase of $11 in the monthly utility bills of NIPSCO customers, reports the Indianapolis Star.
Mark Maasel, president of the Indiana Energy Association, says “There is no question that there are efforts out there to sustain the coal industry, but the reality is that economics are driving the decisions that these utilities are making.” Economics are also doing what the Obama Clean Power Plan wanted to do (the Schahfer plant was one of the primary targets of the CPP) but couldn’t. They will also overwhelm the political fight in places like Arizona where voters last Tuesday rejected a plan that would require the state’s utilities to get 50% of their energy from renewable sources by 2030.
Economics will do what politicians cannot. There is no engine on Earth that can restrain the imperative of lower prices for long.
>>5274>>5226
此処迄来ている。石炭や原子力みたいに燃やしっぱなしのベース電源は不効率。
>After considering more than 30 different proposals, NIPSCO found a mix of solar, wind, energy storage, and demand management ? along with a small amount of purchases from Midcontinent ISO
The web of Mid.cont. ISO is as below. https://www.misoenergy.org/
MISO is a not-for-profit member-based organization that ensures reliable, least-cost delivery of electricity across all or parts of 15 U.S. states and one Canadian province. In cooperation with stakeholders, MISO manages approximately 65,000 miles of high-voltage transmission and 200,000 megawatts of power-generating resources across its footprint.
今や石炭を抜き、石油に次ぐ1次エネルギーとして重要度が増しているＬＮＧ（液化天然ガス）。その輸入において、日本のエネルギー史に残る第一歩が先日、静かに踏み出された。（「週刊ダイヤモンド」編集部?片田江康男）
米ルイジアナ州のサビンパスLNG基地から約７万トンのLNGを積み、約１カ月間かけて新潟県の上越火力発電所に到着したLNG船「オーク・スピリット」号?Photo by Yasuo Katatae
Masashi Hishida, Atsumasa Iwanaga, Yoshiyuki Wakabayashi, Katsuyuki Ueda, Kimishiro Tokuda
当社では，天然オリノコと水のエマルジョン燃料であるオリマルジョンの発電用燃 料としての実用化を目指し，１９８６年から種々試験・研究を推進し，１９９１年 から鹿島北共同発電（株）２号ボイラにて国内初のオリマルジョンだき改造を行っ た。ここでは，１９９４年に将来の燃料多様化に備え実機スケールの各種実証試験 を行うため，国内事業用ボイラとして初めてオリマルジョンだきに改造した関西電 力（株）大阪発電所４号ボイラの例に基づいて，オリマルジョンだきの改造概要及 び運転実績を紹介する。 （著者抄録）
Orimulsion, Orinoco-oil emulsified with water, has been the subject of a study for practical application as a fuel for utility boilers, and MHI has conducted various research & development works since 1986. And in 1991 the Unit No.2 boiler of Kashima Kita Joint Electric Power Co. was modified for OrimulsionR firing for the first time in Japan. This paper describes the features of the modification for OrimulsionR firing and field operating data of the boiler based on the experience at the Unit No.4 Boiler of The Kansai Electric Power Co., Inc. which was the first utility boiler to be modified for OrimulsionR firing in Japan in order to demonstrate many kinds of large-scale tests for the variety of fuels in the future.
こうした中、伊藤忠商事（以下、伊藤忠）は2018年10月24日、英Moixa Energy Holdings（以下、Moixa）、エヌエフ回路設計ブロック（以下、エヌエフ回路）、東京電力ホールディングス傘下のTRENDEと共同で、家庭向け蓄電システムと、蓄電池と太陽光発電の利用を前提とした専用の電気料金プランを提供すると発表した。卒FITの住宅太陽光発電ユーザーをターゲットにしたサービスだ。2018年11月から提供を開始する。
大手商社の丸紅は、アフリカ西部に位置するナイジェリアのエグビンパワー社（Egbin Power Plc）との間で、経済都市ラゴス州におけるガス焚複合火力発電所開発に関する覚書を2016年8月28日付で調印しました。丸紅は、現在エグビンパワー社が保有する通常型火力発電所（以下、既設発電所）の建設実績があり、エグビンパワー社が既設発電所の隣接地に1,800MW相当のガス焚複合火力発電所の新設を計画するにあたり、開発に係る諸調査の協力を行います。
丸紅は全世界において100GW以上の発電設備・プラントの一括納入請負（EPC: Engineering, Procurement and Construction）実績を有しており、ナイジェリアでは40%を超える電力供給源の建設に携わっています。これまでの知見及びノウハウを活かし、質の高いインフラシステム輸出を推し進めることで、ナイジェリア及びアフリカにおける経済発展に向け積極的に取り組んでいきます。
問題となった論文と、その「政治性」
論文自体がどういうものかをみておきます。これは I, II からなる2本で、だれでも無料でダウンロードし、読むことができます。
●Individual external dose monitoring of all citizens of Date City by passive dosimeter 5 to 51 months after the Fukushima NPP accident (series): 1. Comparison of individual dose with ambient dose rate monitored by aircraft surveys
●Individual external dose monitoring of all citizens of Date City by passive dosimeter 5 to 51 months after the Fukushima NPP accident(series): II. Prediction of lifetime additional effective dose and evaluating the effect of decontamination on individual dose 論文の内容ですが、詳細は福島県立医科大学のウェブページにある紹介を確認して頂ければお分かりになりますが、簡単にまとめると以下のような内容です。
第一論文については Science 誌に「Fukushima residents exposed to far less radiation than thought」なる記事が掲載されました。 また、週刊ダイヤモンドの2017/3/22の記事、「福島の被曝調査で分かった安全基準の過剰、除染の意義揺らぐ」では、第二論文の内容まで踏み込んで、
「S. Kurokawa 氏からの問い合わせにも深く感謝申し上げます」と、黒川氏から雑誌編集部に送られている問題点を指摘するレター論文（参照： Comment on “Individual external dose monitoring of all citizens of Date City by passive dosimeter 5 to 51 months after the Fukushima NPP accident (series): II）を読んだことを明らかにしているにもかかわらず、そこで指摘されている問題点に対してまともに回答していないのです。
A proposed interim(中間・暫定) storage facility in a remote area(辺境) of New Mexico that has been seen as a possible destination(目的地＞送り先) to take commercial nuclear waste from sites such as the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station suffered a major setback(セットバック。元々の意味は後退・抑制。そのまんまかｗ) over the weekend(週末に atは英，onは米だそうな。overでも云えてこの場合は"期間を表す前置詞"だそうな。週末の間にってニュアンスらしい。https://kiwi-english.net/22098) after the state’s governor came out against the project.
ホルテック社は、2015年8月3日に、許認可申請の意向通知をNRCに提出?してNRCとの事前協議を進めてきたほか、採用する地下貯蔵方式のHI-STORM UMAX（Holtec International STORage Module Underground MAXimum securityの頭字語）システムについて、米国で使用中のすべての乾式貯蔵キャスクの受入れ・貯蔵が可能となるよう、適合承認（CoC）の変更申請を2016年8月30日にNRCに提出している?。
(Reuters) - U.S. energy company Exelon Corp said Wednesday it will shut the last reactor at the Three Mile Island power plant, site of the worst nuclear accident in U.S. history, on Sept. 30 due to legislative inaction on a nuclear subsidy bill in Pennsylvania.
“With only three legislative session days(議会開催日？) remaining in May and no action taken to advance(法案を提示する) House Bill(下院法案) 11 or Senate Bill(上院法案) 510(数字は何だ？？法案番号みたいなもの？), it is clear a state policy solution will not be enacted before June 1,” Exelon said in a release, referring to the proposed nuclear subsidy bills(原子力補助法案).
Exelon said it had to make a decision by June 1 to purchase fuel for the plant for its next operating cycle. The company announced in May 2017 that it would shut the 45-year-old reactor in 2019 without policy reform to support the plant.
Analysts at Height Capital Markets(ワシントンD.C.のファイナンシャル プランナー https://www.heightllc.com/) said in a report that the shutdown, which will come 40 years after the 1979 meltdown of another reactor at the plant, will increase pressure on Pennsylvania legislators to pass a nuclear subsidy bill in the autumn to protect the state’s remaining eight reactors from early closures.
In recent years, electricity prices have been depressed by cheap natural gas from shale fields(shale fields：頁岩部層 日本だとnatural gas from shale fieldsでシェールガスと云っちゃう？), including the Marcellus in Pennsylvania, and increased use of renewable power. This has made some nuclear plants uneconomical, and forced generators to shut several reactors over the past five years.
Several states, including New York, Illinois, Connecticut and New Jersey have already adopted nuclear subsidies to keep their reactors in service to help meet carbon reduction goals.
Lawmakers in Pennsylvania and Ohio are considering legislation, while officials in U.S. President Donald Trump’s administration have proposed programs to keep nuclear and coal plants operating longer.
In late April, Pennsylvania Governor Tom Wolf released a plan to reduce the state’s greenhouse gas emissions. To achieve those goals, Wolf recommended implementing policies (implementing actionで実行作業。実行政策？) to keep the state’s nuclear reactors in service. Nuclear plants do not emit carbon dioxide, one of the major causes of global warming.
Nuclear power plants generate 42 percent of Pennsylvania’s electricity and provide 93 percent of its zero-carbon power.
Elsewhere in Pennsylvania, Exelon operates two reactors at the Peach Bottom and two at Limerick, FirstEnergy Corp operates two reactors at Beaver Valley and Talen Energy owns two at Susquehanna.
FirstEnergy’s bankrupt FirstEnergy Solutions unit said it would shut Beaver Valley in 2021 unless the reactors receive some financial support from federal or state programs.
Reporting by Scott DiSavino; Editing by Marguerita Choy
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関西電力 炎上！#05
Photo:caracterdesign/gettyimages
関西電力の原発マネー還流問題で、東日本大震災後の日本の原発事業をけん引してきた関電の地位は大きく低下した。特集「関西電力 炎上！」（全5回）の最終回では、将来の原発再編構想、そして日本のエネルギー政策の行く末を大胆に予想する。（ダイヤモンド編集部 堀内 亮）
Dive Brief:
Building renewable energy resources in Indiana is cheaper than keeping existing coal plants open, according to new plans from one utility in the state.
Last week, Northern Indiana Public Service Co. (NIPSCO) presented analysis for its 2018 Integrated Resource Plan (IRP), finding it can save customers more than $4 billion over 30 years by moving from 65% coal today to 15% coal in 2023 and eliminating the resource by 2028.(今日の65%石炭を2023年に15%石炭に変化させる[move]事で30年以上で40億ドル以上を削減可能)
To replace retiring coal, NIPSCO found that a portfolio of solar, storage, wind and demand management is the most cost effective, along with a small amount of market purchases from the Midcontinent ISO(石炭火発のリプレースとして太陽光・蓄電・需要応答そして平行して少量のMidcontinent ISOからの市場調達の組み合わせを見出した). The utility will file its IRP on Oct. 31.
デイヴィッド・チャールズ・ハーン（英: David Charles Hahn、1976年10月30日 - 2016年9月27日）は、17歳のときに自家製の原子炉をつくろうとしたアメリカ人である。ボーイスカウトアメリカ連盟のメンバーであったことから、「ラジオアクティヴ・ボーイスカウト」や「ニュークリア・ボーイスカウト」とも呼ばれた。1994年、ハーンはミシガン州コマース郡区にあった母と暮らす実家の裏庭で、小屋にこもってひそかに実験を行った。ハーンの原子炉内の核物質が臨界量に達することはなかったが、彼の運転する車が別件で地元警察に止められたことをきっかけに実験が発覚した。ハーンは、車内でみつかった実験材料を問いただした警察官にそれが放射性物質だと警告したのである。その10ヶ月後に、ハーンの母親の所有する地所は環境保護庁によってスーパーファンド（有害物質汚染地区）として浄化活動が行われた。
A proposed interim storage facility in a remote area of New Mexico that has been seen as a possible destination to take commercial nuclear waste from sites such as the San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station suffered a major setback over the weekend after the state’s governor came out against the project.
ドイツの系統運用者であるTSO（Transmission System Operator：独立送電会社）各社…は、再エネ拡大に伴う系統網の不安定化を防ぐために、各種のアンシラリーサービスを市場から調達している。
特に、深刻化している短周期変動対策としては、PCR（Primary Control Reserve）、SCR（Secondary Control Reserve）、MR(Minute Reserve）の3種がある。PCRは、0〜30秒という短時間に自動で調整力を供給するもので、SCR（自動）、MRはPCR以降に残る周波数偏差を主導［とは註：手動か］で解消する。
ドイツのエネルギー事業者であるThuga社グループは、フランクフルトの地域電力会社であるMinova社向けに300kWの水電解装置を建設し、2015年2月にSCR向けに稼働した。再エネが瞬時に増えて周波数が基準値よりも上振れした際、系統網からの電力で水電解装置が水素を製造する。同プロジェクトはP2G［とは註：「Power to Gas（パワーツーガス）」のことで、余剰電力を気体燃料に変換（気体変換）して貯蔵・利用する方法https://afterplus.co.jp/specialcolumns/2022/06/15/6258 ］が短周期変動対策に商業ベースで使えることを示した初めてのケース
2016年1月にはカリフォルニア州知事のJerry Brown氏が非常事態宣言を発表するに至り、これを受けてCPUC（California Public Utilities Commission）は急遽、合計出力約100MWの大型蓄電池システムの導入を決め
同案件を落札し大型蓄電池システムを速いスピードで建設したのが、米Tesla、米 AES Energy Storage、米Altagasなど
主体 インテグレーター ストレージ概要
SCE Tesla 20MW/80MWh リチウムイオン電池
SDG&E AES Energy Storage 37.5MW リチウムイオン電池
SCE Altagas 20MW/80MWh リチウムイオン電池
