津田 講義とセミナーを週に一回ずつやりました。講義は[Early Buddhist Thought and its Tantric Evolution]（ゴータマ・ブッ ダの思想とその密教的展開）というタイトルで、私がこの数年来考えている＜開放系＞（これは依然として仮称なのですが） という考え方から密教思想史について話をしました。密教思想史とはいいましても、ゴータマ・ブッダ（釈尊）に始まって、大 乗、純粋密教を経てタントラ仏教にいたり、さらに日本の空海から覚ばんを経て法然、親鸞にいたろうという、一種の通仏教 的な思想の流れを追おうというものです。
セミナーのほうは『華厳経』を取り上げました。「入法界品」、ガンダヴューハ・スートラですね、そのサンスクリット原典を購 読するのですが、サンスクリットを英語に訳すだけならわりに簡単なんですね。しかし、内容を理解させようとするとどうしても 中国・日本の華厳教学に触れなくてはなりませんので、そういう伝統的な術語表現を英語でどう表現したらいいのか、だい ぶ苦労しました。たとえば、お大師さん（弘法大師空海）の「普賢法界の重重帝網なる即身と名づく」とか、そういう理解です ね。そのスカッとしたところを英語的にどう表現するのか。くどくど説明することならどうにか可能なのですが・・・・・・。
In this study, Sheila A. Smith has availed herself of a massive number of documents and interview surveys and has traced concisely and persuasively the course whereby Japan has been compelled toward the reform of its conservative political system and its security arrangements, which were established with a view to maintaining Japan's position as a leader in Asia. This work suggests that the Japanese experience with China might serve as a lesson for other countries, the United States included, and is an essential read for those interested in the reconstitution of the East Asian order in light of the rise of China.--Ryosei Kokubun, president, National Defense Academy of Japan
In this study, Sheila A. Smith has availed herself of a massive number of documents and interview surveys and has traced concisely and persuasively the course whereby Japan has been compelled toward the reform of its conservative political system and its security arrangements, which were established with a view to maintaining Japan's position as a leader in Asia. This work suggests that the Japanese experience with China might serve as a lesson for other countries, the United States included, and is an essential read for those interested in the reconstitution of the East Asian order in light of the rise of China.--Ryosei Kokubun, president, National Defense Academy of Japan
Japan's Secret War: Japan's Race Against Time to Build Its Own Atomic Bomb (英語) ペーパーバック – 1995/8/1
Wilcox (著), F A Wilcox (著), Clyde Wilcox (著)
After years of research based on material gathered by American intelligence during the occupation of Japan as well as extensive interviews with surviving participants, Robert Wilcox gives the first detailed account of Japan's version of the Manhattan Project - from its earliest days to the possible testing of an actual weapon. The story involves Japan's leading scientists, including a future Nobel prize winner; a network of Spanish spies working in North America; and a German U-boat desperately trying to reach Japan with a cargo of uranium in the final days before the Third Reich's collapse. But perhaps the most fascinating element is the giant industrial complex in northern Korea where the final aspects of the Japanese atomic research may have taken place. When the Soviet army invaded Korea at the war's end, they had the entire complex dismantled and shipped back to the Soviet Union. We can only speculate about the information they gained from it. This new edition includes recently unearthed research showing that the Japanese spent much more time on their atomic program than previously made public.
James Rondo Jensen
5つ星のうち5.0
Japan almost beat the US to the Atomic Bomb
2013年5月3日 - (Amazon.com)
Amazonで購入
Fifteen years ago I heard that at the end of WW II, the US Navy destroyed 5 cyclotrons in Tokyo by throwing them into the ocean in spite of the protests of a scientist named Nishina. To this day, no one knows who authorized their destruction. I even found a photo on Google of one cyclotron toppling over the edge of a ship in Tokyo Harbor. The story fascinated me because four of my uncles served in the military in the Pacific during the war, also because my dad was a machinist-welder who worked on the Manhattan Project in Hanford, Washington and then on the reconstruction of Pearl Harbor itself. However, on-line searches, the only resource available to me at the time, only produced tantalizing bits of information and photos, e.g. photo of Neils Bohr in Japan in the 1920's with Japanese physicists.
But Robert K. Wilcox has, once more, produced an amazing book that reflects his dogged determination to get to the bottom of an unusual story and write a fascinating book about it. Filing hundreds of FOIA requests, sending letters everywhere he thought he might find information, and interviewing as many people as he could, produced the information that he skilfully put together in this text that reads like a mystery novel.
One of the most surprising parts of the story is the role of Germany in this Japanese project, and the use of their submarines to transport not only uranium, but also samples of novel German armaments, planes, drawings and blue prints. The Tripartite Agreement entered into in the 1930's by Japan, Germany and Italy formed the basis for this sharing of information and materials. It turns out that Japan had a long history of physics research. Einstein even visited Japan in the 1920's.
James Rondo Jensen
5つ星のうち5.0
Japan almost beat the US to the Atomic Bomb
2013年5月3日 - (Amazon.com)
Amazonで購入
Fifteen years ago I heard that at the end of WW II, the US Navy destroyed 5 cyclotrons in Tokyo by throwing them into the ocean in spite of the protests of a scientist named Nishina. To this day, no one knows who authorized their destruction. I even found a photo on Google of one cyclotron toppling over the edge of a ship in Tokyo Harbor. The story fascinated me because four of my uncles served in the military in the Pacific during the war, also because my dad was a machinist-welder who worked on the Manhattan Project in Hanford, Washington and then on the reconstruction of Pearl Harbor itself. However, on-line searches, the only resource available to me at the time, only produced tantalizing bits of information and photos, e.g. photo of Neils Bohr in Japan in the 1920's with Japanese physicists.
But Robert K. Wilcox has, once more, produced an amazing book that reflects his dogged determination to get to the bottom of an unusual story and write a fascinating book about it. Filing hundreds of FOIA requests, sending letters everywhere he thought he might find information, and interviewing as many people as he could, produced the information that he skilfully put together in this text that reads like a mystery novel.
One of the most surprising parts of the story is the role of Germany in this Japanese project, and the use of their submarines to transport not only uranium, but also samples of novel German armaments, planes, drawings and blue prints. The Tripartite Agreement entered into in the 1930's by Japan, Germany and Italy formed the basis for this sharing of information and materials. It turns out that Japan had a long history of physics research. Einstein even visited Japan in the 1920's.
副島隆彦です。今日は2018年5月9日です。
今日は、『マルクス・エンゲルス』という映画を、私は、２月に、試写会で見ましたので、それに対する映画評論を話します。The Young Karl Marx が原題ですから、「若き日のカール・マルクス」という映画です。日本語のタイトルは「マルクス・エンゲルス」になっています。
副島隆彦です。今日は2018年5月9日です。
今日は、『マルクス・エンゲルス』という映画を、私は、２月に、試写会で見ましたので、それに対する映画評論を話します。The Young Karl Marx が原題ですから、「若き日のカール・マルクス」という映画です。日本語のタイトルは「マルクス・エンゲルス」になっています。
Client State: Japan in the American Embrace (英語) ペーパーバック – 2007/7/17
Gavan McCormack (著)
Japan is the world’s No. 2 economy, greater in GDP than Britain and France together and almost double that of China. It is also the most durable, generous, and unquestioning ally of the US, attaching priority to its Washington ties over all else. In Client State, Gavan McCormack examines the current transformation of Japan, designed to meet the demands from Washington that Japan become the “Great Britain of the Far East.” Exploring postwar Japan’s relationship with America, he contends that US pressure has been steadily applied to bring Japan in line with neoliberal principles. The Bush administration’s insistence on Japan’s thorough subordination has reached new levels, and is an agenda heavily in the American, rather than the Japanese, national interest. It includes comprehensive institutional reform, a thorough revamp of the security and defense relationship with the US, and—alarmingly—vigorous pursuit of Japan’s acquisition of nuclear weapons.
Asia's Reckoning: China, Japan, and the Fate of U.S. Power in the Pacific Century (英語) ハードカバー – 2017/9/5
Richard McGregor (著)
Richard McGregor’s Asia’s Reckoning is a compelling account of the widening geopolitical cracks in a region that has flourished under an American security umbrella for more than half a century. The toxic rivalry between China and Japan, two Asian giants consumed with endless history wars and ruled by entrenched political dynasties, is threatening to upend the peace underwritten by Pax Americana since World War II. Combined with Donald Trump’s disdain for America’s old alliances and China's own regional ambitions, east Asia is entering a new era of instability and conflict. If the United States laid the postwar foundations for modern Asia, now the anchor of the global economy, Asia’s Reckoning reveals how that structure is falling apart.
With unrivaled access to archives in the United States and Asia, as well as to many of the major players in all three countries, Richard McGregor has written a tale that blends the tectonic shifts in diplomacy with bitter domestic politics and the personalities driving them. It is a story not only of an overstretched America, but also of the rise and fall and rise of the great powers of Asia. The about-turn of Japan—from a colossus seemingly poised for world domination to a nation in inexorable decline in the space of two decades—has few parallels in modern history, as does the rapid rise of China—a country whose military is now larger than those of Japan, South Korea, Taiwan and southeast Asia's combined.
The confrontational course on which China and Japan are set is no simple spat between neighbors: the United States would be involved on the side of Japan in any military conflict between the two countries. The fallout would be an economic tsunami, affecting manufacturing centers, trade routes, and political capitals on every continent. Richard McGregor’s book takes us behind the headlines of his years reporting as the Financial Times’s Beijing and Washington bureau chief to show how American power will stand or fall on its ability to hold its ground in Asia.
NEW YORK, September 7, 2017 — ChinaFile presents Orville Schell, Richard McGregor, Ian Buruma, and Susan Shirk discussing McGregor's new book "Asia’s Reckoning: China, Japan, and the Fate of U.S. Power in the Pacific Century." (1 hr. 17 min.)
There is no shortage of scenarios in which America’s postwar world comes under challenge and starts to crack. It could take the form of a draining showdown with Islamist radicals in the Middle East, a conflict with Russia that engulfs Europe, or a one-on-one superpower naval battle with China. Soon after his election, Donald Trump finished his first conversation as president-elect with Barack Obama at the White House fretting about the threat from a nuclear-armed North Korea.
In daily headlines, the jousting between China and Japan can’t compete with the medieval violence of ISIS or the outsize antics of Vladimir Putin or threats from tyrants like Kim Jong Un. The rivalry between the two countries has festered, by some measures, for centuries, giving it a quality that lets it slip on and off the radar. After all, China and Japan, according to the conventional wisdom, are at their core practical nations with pragmatic leaders.
The two countries, along with Taiwan, South Korea, and Southeast Asia, sit at the heart of the global economy. The iPhones, personal computers, and flat-screen televisions in electronic shops around the world; most of the mass-produced furniture and large amounts of the cheap clothing that fill shopping centers in the United States, Europe, and the United Kingdom; a vast array of industrial goods that consumers are scarcely aware of, from wires and valves to machine parts and the like—all of them, one way or another, are sourced through the supply chains anchored by Asia’s two giants. With so much at stake, how could they possibly come to blows?
China and Japan’s thriving commercial ties, one of the largest two-way trade relationships in the world, though, have failed to forge a closer political bond. In recent years, the relationship has taken on new and dangerous dimensions for both countries, and for the United States as well, an ally of Japan’s that it has signed a treaty to defend. Far from exorcising memories of the brutal war between them that began in the early 1930s and lasted more than a decade, Japan and China are caught in a downward spiral of distrust and ill will. There has been the occasional thawing of tension and the odd uptick in diplomacy in the seventy years since the end of the war. Men and women of goodwill in both countries have dedicated their careers to improving relations. Most of these efforts, however, have come to naught.
Asia’s version of the War of the Roses is being fought on multiple battlefields: on the high seas over disputed islands; in capitals around the world as each tries to convince partners and allies of the other’s infamy; and in the media, in the relentless, self-righteous, and scorching exchanges over the true account and legacy of the Pacific War. The clash between Japan and China on this issue echoes a conversation between two Allied prisoners of war in Richard Flanagan’s garlanded novel set on the Burma Railway in 1943, The Narrow Road to the Deep North. “Memory is the true justice, sir,” a soldier says to his superior officer, explaining why he wants to hold on to souvenirs of their time in a Japanese internment camp. “Or the creator of new horrors,” the officer replies.
In Europe, an acknowledgment of World War II’s calamities helped bring the Continent’s nations together in the aftermath of the conflict. In east Asia, by contrast, the war and its history have never been settled, politically, diplomatically, or emotionally. There has been little of the introspection and statesmanship that helped Europe to heal its wounds. Even the most basic of disagreements over history still percolate through day-to-day media coverage in Asia more than seventy years later, in baffling, insidious ways. Open a Japanese newspaper in 2017, and you might read of a heated debate about whether Japan invaded China, something that is only an issue because conservative Japanese still insist that their country was fighting a war of self-defense in the 1930s and 1940s. Peruse the state-controlled press in China, and you will see the Communist Party drawing legitimacy from its heroic defeat of Japan, though in truth, Chiang Kai-shek’s Nationalists carried the burden of fighting the invaders, while the Communists mostly preserved their strength in hinterland hideouts. Scant recognition is given to the United States, who fought the Japanese for years before ending the conflict with two atomic bombs.
“McGregor has written a shrewd and knowing book about the relationship between China, Japan and America over the past half-century. Among much else, he shows how the world’s top three economies are now imprisoned by increasingly unstable dynamics, and not only in the military realm. Though Mr. McGregor has pored over archives to put together a hard-to-surpass narrative history of high diplomacy in Asia, the strength of his book is its old-fashioned journalism, in which empathy and explanation outweigh mere exposé. Indeed, Asia’s Reckoning has the aura of a ‘tour-ender,’ the kind of conspectus that foreign correspondents of a generation ago and further back would put together after they had finished a multiyear stint in some far-flung place. Here are insightful, detail-rich profiles of everyone from Zhou Enlai and Henry Kissinger to Kakuei Tanaka and Jiang Zemin.”
—Robert D. Kaplan, The Wall Street Journal
JOANNE MYERS: Good afternoon. I'm Joanne Myers, director of Public Affairs programs, and on behalf of the Carnegie Council I'd like to welcome our members, guests, and C-SPAN Book TV to this very special program.
We are delighted to be hosting Eri Hotta, author of Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy, and her husband, who is a celebrated Asian scholar and a prolific writer whom I know many of you are familiar with, Ian Buruma. Ian will engage Eri in what is certain to be a very lively conversation about Japan and its role in World War II. This will be followed by a discussion with you, our distinguished audience.
「Japan 1941: Countdown to Infamy」は日本の近現代史を英語で学ぶために参考になると思います。
Selected Events in Japanese History Prior to April 1941
Here and throughout the book, the dates are indicated in local times.
1853 July Commodore Matthew Perry presses Japan to end its isolationist policy.
1854 March 31 The Tokugawa shogunate signs the unfavorable Treaty of Peace and Amity with the United States, ending its isolationist policy and leading to the opening of Japanese ports to the rest of the world.
1868 January 3 The shogunate falls and the Meiji Restoration is proclaimed.
1882 January 4 The Imperial Rescript to Soldiers and Sailors, a code of military conduct that will form a vital part of Japanese nationalism, is issued.
1889 February 11 The Meiji Constitution is promulgated.
1890 July 1 Japan holds its first general elections.
November 25 The first session of the Diet, Japan’s bicameral parliament, is summoned, and held four days later.
1894 August 1 Japan declares war on Qing China, beginning the Sino-Japanese War.
1895 April 17 Japan defeats China, concluding the war with the signing of the Treaty of Shimonoseki, placing Taiwan and the Liaodong Peninsula, strategically located to access northeastern China (Manchuria), under Japanese control.
April 23 Russia, Germany, and France pressure Japan to return the Liaodong Peninsula to China (the so-called Triple Intervention), which it does on May 5.
1898 March 27 Russia secures a leasehold on the Liaodong Peninsula.
1902 January 30 The Anglo-Japanese Alliance, a treaty between equals, is formed.
1904 February 8 Japan attacks czarist Russia at Port Arthur, declaring war two days later.
1905 May 27–28 The Japanese navy scores a major victory in the Battle of Tsushima.
September 5 The Russo-Japanese War ends with the signing of the Treaty of Portsmouth, through the mediation of U.S. president Theodore Roosevelt.
November 17 Korea becomes a Japanese protectorate.
1906 August 1 Japan forms the Kwantung Army to protect its Manchurian possessions, newly acquired from Russia.
1910 August 29 Japan annexes Korea.
1912 July 30 Mutsuhito, the Meiji emperor, dies, succeeded by his son, Yoshihito.
1914 July 28 World War I breaks out.
August 23 Japan goes to war with Germany, enabling it to take over German possessions in China and the Pacific by November.
1915 January 18 Japan issues the Twenty-One Demands to Yuan Shikai’s China, but fails to win diplomatic concessions while antagonizing the Chinese.
1918 November 11 World War I ends, followed by the convocation of the Paris Peace Conference in 1919.
