8 人中、 10 人の方が、｢このレビューが参考になった｣と投票しています。
金日成原理主義による政教融合
By according to the conservative
北朝鮮の教科書を紹介した一書です。ひと事でいう、国家の英雄
である金日成、金正日親子を神格化する一方で、日本・アメリカを憎
み打倒すべき敵とする教育が徹底的に刷り込まれています。現実と
してこのような教育が為されている国家と国交正常化は､中国の反日
デモに遭遇する以上のリスクがあると思われます。ちなみに、金日成
の神格化は､日本の天皇が神の子孫であるとする古事記の導入のよ
うです。憎むべき敵のシステムを採用する貪欲さには脱帽しました。
こういう映画が世界で作られ、観られているという事実。案外、日本で生まれ育った日本人より、外国人の方が日本の近代史や社会をよく知っているのでは、と考えるととても面白い。グローバルな時代だからこそ、正しい歴史が求められる。それによってはじめて、日本の進むべき正しい方向に舵が取れると考える。
****
Japan's Dirty Secret - Japan 英語 字幕なし http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D7yDOXGmtro
May 2003
Memories of Japanese war crimes continue to poison Japan's relations with its neighbours. Many Chinese are still suffering the effects of a vicious campaign of germ warfare.
"Our unit did things no human being should ever do," confesses Unit 731 member Yoshio Shinozuka. His unit developed the deadly pathogens which were used to infect 250,000 Chinese. Japan's refusal to apologise for its actions, or to acknowledge Unit 731's existence, has further upset its victims.
Produced by ABC Australia
Distributed by Journeyman Pictures
Buried Treasure: World War II Spitfires to Be Unearthed in Burma
Paging Indiana Jones: a British farmer's 15-year quest to find a squadron of legendary fighter planes buried in a far-off land has finally paid off
By Sonia van Gilder Cooke| April 17, 2012
Lincolnshire farmer David Cundall, 62, has spent about $207,000, traveled to Burma a dozen times and negotiated with the cagey Burmese government, all in the hopes of finding a stash of iconic British Spitfires buried somewhere in the Southeast Asian country.
(PHOTOS: Burma’s Landmark Elections and Aung San Suu Kyi’s Path to Victory)
Buried planes? It sounds odd, but in fact this was fairly common toward the end of the war; as the conflict wound down and jet aircraft promised to make propeller-driven fighters obsolete, many aircraft were scrapped, buried or sunk by Allied Forces in order to prevent them from falling into enemy hands.
(PHOTOS: Europe Then and Now)
Cundall started his search after his friend heard from a group of U.S. veterans that they had stashed Spitfires in the region. “We’ve done some pretty silly things in our time, but the silliest was burying Spitfires,” the veterans said.
His interest piqued, Cundall began placing ads in magazines to try to find soldiers who might have been involved.
After a decade and a half of searching, he finally managed to locate the missing airplanes, which had never been flown and were indeed buried while still in their transport crates. “We sent a borehole down and used a camera to look at the crates. They seemed to be in good condition,” Cundall told the Telegraph.
The aircraft arrived at a Royal Air Force base in Burma in August 1945. But by that point in the war, just before the bombing of Hiroshima, the fighters weren’t needed. “In 1945, Spitfires were ten a penny,” said Cundall. “It was a typical British solution: ‘Let’s bury them lads.’”
Getting the planes out of the ground is one thing; getting them out of Burma — a secretive nation that until recently was ruled by a brutal military junta and remains under a variety of international sanctions — is another. But as the Telegraph reports, following the intervention of British Prime Minister David Cameron, who recently visited the country, the Spitfires could soon be on their way back to the U.K.
Cundall hopes that with the help of investors, the planes can finally take to the skies. “Spitfires are beautiful airplanes and should not be rotting away in a foreign land. They saved our neck in the Battle of Britain and they should be preserved.”
Poland hopes to identify remains of Auschwitz hero
Aug 30, 10:04 AM EDT
WARSAW, Poland (AP) - It could hardly have been a riskier mission: infiltrate Auschwitz to chronicle Nazi atrocities. Witold Pilecki survived nearly three years as an inmate in the death camp, managing to smuggle out word of executions before making a daring escape. But the Polish resistance hero was crushed by the post-war communist regime - tried on trumped-up charges and executed. Six decades on, Poland hopes Pilecki's remains will be identified among the entangled skeletons and shattered skulls of resistance fighters being excavated from a mass grave on the edge of Warsaw's Powazki Military Cemetery. The exhumations are part of a movement in the resurgent, democratic nation to officially recognize its war-time heroes and 20th century tragedies.
戦前、戦時中のナチスドイツが支配したドイツ社会と戦後を経ても変らない日本社会の類似点がとても気になる。
******
書評
Not Me
By Joachim Fest (German author); Translated by Martin Chalmers
Atlantic, 304 pages, £20
In Hitler's Germany, He Kept His Head
As a historian, Joachim Fest saw through the 'romance' of Nazism. But he began resisting popular opinion much earlier.
August 23, 2012, 3:04 p.m. ET
By TOBIAS GREY, WSJ
The title of Joachim Fest's autobiography came from a valuable piece of advice given to him by his father: "Etiam si omnes, ego non!" ("Even if all others do, not me!") For a child such as Fest, who grew up in a rare German family opposed to the Nazi regime, the only way to be forearmed was to be forewarned. In "Not Me: Memoirs of a German Childhood," Fest, who went on to become one of the world's leading historians of the Third Reich, writes: "The lesson of the Nazi years for me was to resist current opinion."
First published in German in September 2006, mere days after Fest's death at the age of 79, "Not Me" has the elegiac quality of a writer who has finally put enough distance between himself and his tumultuous past. It is a remarkable work of childhood reminiscence, not least for the fact that most of it is written from memory: Fest could not rely on any keepsakes, notes or letters, as they were all lost when the Nazis expelled his family from their Berlin home.
"I have not written a history of the Hitler years," writes Fest, "but only how they were reflected in a family and its surroundings." This is not, of course, the only angle on the Third Reich that Fest took during his life as a scholar. With his 1973 biography of Hitler, Fest became the first German historian to lay bare the mechanisms behind his countrymen's fascination with the late Führer. His 2002 book "Inside Hitler's Bunker" was the basis for the commercially successful German film "Downfall."
In these and other works, he argued that Hitler's popularity was just as much about Germany's romantic yearning for the trappings of a chivalric past as it was about the dire state of the Weimar economy. Conservative in outlook and mistrustful of any form of extremism, Fest depicted Hitler's rise in recognizably human terms.
"Not Me" suggests more than a few reasons for which Fest might have kept such a cold eye toward the "romance" of Nazism. The son of an elementary school headmaster and a devoted mother, Fest was the second and most outspoken of five children. His father, Hans, had been politically committed from an early age and became a staunch defender of the Weimar Republic following the German revolution of 1918. Their Catholic family attended church on Sundays and as part of the Bildungsbürger class, they valued cultural education above material possessions.
One of Hans Fest's favorite pedagogical tricks was to offer his children a one mark reward for every ten poems recited without error. Fest and his beloved elder brother Wolfgang were invited to dine with his parents from an early age, and it was at the supper table that the family became bound together by conspiratorial feeling.
"It was an utterly politicized world in which we were growing up," writes Fest. "Many conversations and almost all personal decisions were made with an eye to the prevailing conditions."
1-2
These conditions worsened as Hitler rose to power. Hans Fest was fired from his job and was forbidden to give private tutorials. "At table, friends were mentioned who had suddenly disappeared; others disappeared from conversation, because they were no longer friends," writes Fest, displaying his mastery of the telling phrase.
Fest underlines the stealthiness of the Nazi regime and the cunning abstraction of their persecution. "My father was 'cut back,' that was the euphemism, others were 'provisionally retired'; arrests were called 'preventive custody.'" By the spring of 1940 the Nazis had begun closing in on Fest's family. Only an anonymous phone call saved them from being unprepared when a search of their apartment was performed.
"In the years that followed, such calls warned the family something like another 15 times," writes Fest. The only real point of contention between Fest's father and his mother had been whether it was better for the family to become members of the various branches of the National Socialist Party or to continue their covert defiance. Fest's mother vainly tried to persuade her husband to live a lie to protect his family and regain his job. "We are not little people," replied Hans. "Not when it comes to such questions!"
Of his father's steadfastness Fest writes: "When it came to the Nazis, as he had often observed, even the passing thought of giving up had been enough and a person was already lost."
In the face of almost daily harassment, Fest's family maintained a policy of ironic detachment, dubbing themselves "the-other-side-of-the-street-walkers." More than his brothers and sisters, Fest followed his father's example by registering his indifference to authority figures. He was asked to leave his school after being caught carving a caricature of Hitler on his desk. This led to him and his two brothers having to leave Berlin and attend a different school in Freiburg, 400 miles away. In 1944, at the age of 18, Fest then decided to join the Luftwaffe as an antiaircraft batteryman to avoid the risk of being conscripted by the Waffen SS.
This decision provoked a furious row with his father, who argued that there was no excuse to volunteer for "Hitler's criminal war." The war's terrible toll on Fest's family is the subject of the autobiography's moving final chapters. Avoiding pathos, Fest describes the grief he felt when he received news of his brother Wolfgang's death and his father's gloomy return from a Russian prison camp, where he had been forced to volunteer. The author's own narrow escape from death, his imprisonment by American soldiers, and a subsequent failed escape attempt are all wryly detailed.
Most shocking is an account of a long sequence of atrocities suffered by female relatives on his father's side. American troops pulled his polio-crippled aunt, Franziska, out of her wheelchair, repeatedly raped her and then threw her down the cellar stairs of her house, where she subsequently died.
For Fest's family, "the Second World War exploded everything." Even after it ended, they still felt like "the odd ones out." "Unlike the overwhelming majority of Germans, we were not part of some mass conversion," Fest writes. "Whenever talk came around to the 1930s and 1940s, many of our contemporaries felt remorse, but we were excluded from the psychodrama."
—Mr. Grey is a writer and critic living in Paris.
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Navajo code talker from World War II diesBy the CNN Wire Staff
updated 11:31 PM EDT, Thu November 1, 2012
A group of Navajo Code Talkers attends the 2011 Citi Military Appreciation Day event to honor U.S. veterans and current service members at Citi Pond in Bryant Park on November 11, 2011 in New York City. Few of the code talkers are still alive, 67 years after WWII ended.
(CNN) -- George Smith, one of the Navajo code talkers who helped the U.S. military outfox the Japanese during World War II by sending messages in their obscure language, has died, the president of the Navajo Nation said.
"This news has saddened me," Ben Shelly, the Navajo president, said in a post Wednesday on his Facebook page. "Our Navajo code talkers have been real life heroes to generations of Navajo people."
Smith died Tuesday, Shelly said, and the Navajo Nation's flag is flying at half-staff until Sunday night to commemorate his life.
Several hundred Navajo tribe members served as code talkers for the United States during World War II, using a military communications code based on the Navajo language. They sent messages back and forth from the front lines of fighting, relaying crucial information during pivotal battles like Iwo Jima.
Military authorities chose Navajo as a code language because it was almost impossible for a non-Navajo to learn and had no written form. It was the only code the Japanese never managed to crack.
The Navajo code talkers participated in every assault the U.S. Marines carried out in the Pacific between 1942 and 1945.
The code talkers themselves were forbidden from telling anyone about the code -- not their fellow Marines, not their families -- until it was declassified in 1968.
Now in their 80s and 90s, only a handful of code talkers remain.
"They have brought pride to our Navajo people in so many ways," Shelly said. "The nation's prayers and thoughts are with the family at this time as they mourn the passing of a great family man who served his country and protected his people."
Shelly's Facebook post didn't mention Smith's age or the cause and location of his death. A statement about the death on the official Navajo Nation website was not accessible late Thursday.
San Pedro has a memorial that is overlooked in many of the tourist guides. It is a Memorial to the Japanese Fishing Village on Terminal Island.
In 1941, 3,000 first and second-generation Japanese made their homes in an area of Terminal Island known as East San Pedro. The Japanese Fishing Village was next to Fish Harbor. Most of the local residents worked in the fishing industry. Approximately 250 fishing boats were owned and/or operated by the residents. Most of the local people, not working on the boats, worked in the many fish canneries that were clustered together on Terminal Island. Because Terminal Island was somewhat isolated, the Terminal Islanders developed their own culture and even their own dialect. The people called their close community village "Furusato" which translated literally means "old village". An English equivalent would be "hometown", "native place" or "home sweet home".
The village had a Fisherman's Hall where the Japanese martial arts judo and kendo were taught, a Shinto Shrine, ethnic grocery stores, candy stores and billiard parlors. The Island children attended Walizer Elementary School and took the ferry to high school at San Pedro High School in San Pedro.
Soon after the attack on Pearl Harbor, the FBI rounded up all of the adult males and jailed them. On February 19, 1942, U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt signed Executive Order 9066. This Executive Order sent 120,000 Japanese Americans to internment camps . Of the ethic Japanese people forced into internment camps, about 62% were Nisei and Sansei ( 2nd and 3rd generation Japanese) and were American citizens by virtue of being born in the USA. The other 38% were Issei (Japanese immigrants) who were either naturalized American citizens or resident aliens.
1-2
In February of 1942, Terminal Island residents were the first Japanese Americans, on the West Coast, to be forcibly removed from their homes. They were forced to evacuate their homes within 48 hours and had to leave almost of all of their possessions behind including all of their fishing boats and fishing gear. Some were able to sell their furniture, fishing gear, boats and other items. Since the residents only had 48 hours to complete the transactions, they were often forced to sell at ridiculously low prices by greedy individuals taking advantage of the desperate situation.
All of the other residents of Terminal Island were also ordered to leave. The Daily Breeze newspaper dated February 27, 1942 had an article headlined "Whites and Japs Leave Terminal Island" which reported that the United States military had taken over Terminal Island and was patrolling the deserted streets.
The Japanese Village was stripped of anything of any value and flattened by bulldozers and completely destroyed . The fishing boats were either taken by the military, repossessed, stolen, or destroyed.
On January 2, 1945, the exclusion order was rescinded. The internees were released with $25.00 and a ticket home. They returned home to find nothing. Furusato was gone without a trace. The canneries were still operating and a few people went back to work there . The rest of the former residents were scattered. The former Japanese villagers were worried the memory, culture and history of Furusato would be lost forever. They stayed in touch with each other and tried to keep the memories alive.
In 1971, they formed the Terminal Islanders Club. Since its formation, the members have been coordinating reunions, golf games, picnics and other activities. Now in their 80s, the Nisei worry about the future of the various events for the members. In 2002, the surviving second-generation citizens set up a memorial on Terminal Island to honor their Issei parents and to preserve the memory of their Furusato, their "Home Sweet Home".
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Nazi Plunder: 1,500 Modern Artworks Found in Munich Flat
The spectacular discovery of modernist masterpieces in a squalid Munich apartment is the latest twist in a story that began almost 80 years ago. Many of the works appear to be among those confiscated by the Nazis as "degenerate art," and it remains unclear what will become of them.
The scene sounds like something out of a crime novel. Surrounded by piles of rotten food stacked up on homemade furniture, missing art works worth around €1 billion ($1.35 billion) have been discovered in a grubby Munich apartment. And it appears that the story, broken by German news magazine Focus on Sunday, has only just begun.
The suspect in the bizarre case is an 80-year-old man who Focus reports first caught the attention of law enforcement in 2010, when customs officials searched his bags on the border between Germany and Switzerland to find €9,000 ($12,200) in cash.
Even though the man was not legally required to declare it and did not behave suspiciously, police opted to keep him under surveillance. In the spring of 2011, a court granted investigators permission to search his apartment.
What they found was extreme squalor, according to Focus. But nestled between dirty plates and cans of food with sell-by dates from the last century were some 1,500 paintings, drawings and etchings by famous artists including Pablo Picasso, Emil Nolde, Carl Spitzweg and Henri Matisse.
>>Nazi Theft
Focus reports that the man's father was a well-known art dealer active prior to World War II. After the Nazis seized power, he was hounded out of his position as director of the Hamburg Art Association, apparently because he had Jewish roots. But thanks to his excellent contacts in the art scene, he was tasked with selling art works to overseas buyers that had featured in the landmark "Entartete Kunst" exhibition of 1937. Organized by the Nazis, it presented 650 works of art deemed "degenerate" that had been confiscated from German museums and effectively stolen from Jewish families.
After the war, he maintained that the work had all gone up in flames when his home was destroyed in the Dresden firebombing of February 13, 1945. He died in a traffic accident in 1956.
It has now become clear that his extraordinary collection was probably bequeathed to his son, who over the last few decades has allegedly sold an unspecified number of artworks in Germany and Switzerland.
Focus reports that the after the raid on the Munich apartment, the collection has been stored under lock and key at the customs office in Garching. An art historian told SPIEGEL ONLINE that she was hired 18 months ago to provide an expert assessment. On Monday, Chancellor Angela Merkel's spokesman Steffen Seibert confirmed that the German government had been informed of the matter several months ago, adding that public prosecutors in Augsburg had taken on the investigation.
If the provenance of the art works cannot be established, Focus writes that they might still be returned to the suspect, because even the legal ownership of work known to have featured in the "Entartete Kunst" exhibition is unclear. For the time being, the man is only being investigated for tax evasion.
1-2
But a statement once given by the art dealer's widow could prove crucial to the case.
In the 1960s, she informed the authorities that all of her husband's treasures had been destroyed in the Allied firebombing of Dresden. She was specifically asked about the whereabouts of several paintings formerly owned by the Jewish collector Henri Hinrichsen, including one work by Carl Spitzweg. Precisely this painting, and other documents related to it, popped up in the trash-filled Munich apartment.
Given proof of a false statement, a legal case could now be used to forfeit the 80-year-old's ownership rights over the works. If the authorities succeed in doing that, the treasures would then be handed over to the state, or, more specifically, to the Federal Minister of Finance.
But the future of the art treasures aside, a number of unanswered questions remain -- such as whether the man still has more paintings hidden away. And why did the authorities keep the case secret? The public prosecutor's office in Augsburg could have the answers, but isn't commenting on the case. A spokesperson there told SPIEGEL ONLINE he could not provide information about ongoing proceedings, adding that this would likely remain the case "for a long time."
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WWII code breaker Alan Turing gets royal pardon for gay conviction
The mathematician helped crack the Nazi’s Enigma Code used by German U-boats. The discovery is credited with shortening the war.
Tuesday, December 24, 2013, 2:46 PM REUTERS
Alan Turing cracked a Nazi code that won the war but he was then arrested for being gay.=PIC
Mathematician Alan Turing, who helped Britain win World War Two by cracking Nazi Germany's "unbreakable" Enigma code, was granted a rare royal pardon on Tuesday for a criminal conviction for homosexuality that led to his suicide.
Turing's electromechanical machine, a forerunner of modern computers, unraveled the code used by German U-boats in the Atlantic. His work at Bletchley Park, Britain's wartime codebreaking centre, was credited with shortening the war.
However, he was stripped of his job and chemically castrated with injections of female hormones after being convicted of gross indecency in 1952 for having sex with a man. Homosexual sex was illegal in Britain until 1967.
Turing killed himself in 1954, aged 41, with cyanide.
Justice Minister Chris Grayling said the pardon from Queen Elizabeth would come into effect immediately and was a fitting tribute to "an exceptional man with a brilliant mind".
"His brilliance was put into practice at Bletchley Park during the Second World War where he was pivotal to breaking the 'Enigma' code, helping to end the war and save thousands of lives," Grayling said in a statement.
"His later life was overshadowed by his conviction for homosexual activity, a sentence we would now consider unjust and discriminatory and which has now been repealed," he said.
Only four royal pardons had been granted since the end of World War Two, a spokeswoman for Grayling said.
Cosmologist Stephen Hawking and 10 other eminent scientists had campaigned for years for "one of the most brilliant mathematicians of the modern era" to be pardoned.
One of those scientists, Paul Nurse, President of the Royal Society, said, "The persecution of this great British scientist over his sexuality was tragic and I'm delighted that we can now focus solely on celebrating his legacy."
In 2009, then Prime Minister Gordon Brown publicly apologized on behalf of the government for "the appalling way" Turing was treated but campaigners called for a full pardon.
In May 2012, a private member's bill was put before the House of Lords in the British parliament to grant Turing a statutory pardon and in July it gained government support.
Cameron on Tuesday described Turing as "a remarkable man who played a key role in saving this country in World War Two".
"His action saved countless lives. He also left a remarkable national legacy through his substantial scientific achievements, often being referred to as the father of modern computing," Cameron said in a statement.
The work at Bletchley Park, a secluded country house north of London, only became public knowledge in the 1970s when its role in the war and that played by Turing was revealed.
The cryptographers who worked there are credited with helping to shorten World War Two by up to two years and they deciphered around 3,000 German military messages a day.
Turing's team cracked the Enigma code, which the Germans regarded as unbreakable, as well as designing and developing Colossus, one of the first programmable computers.
But after the war, Prime Minister Winston Churchill ordered the Colossus computers and 200 "Turing bombe" machines be destroyed to keep them secret from the Soviet Union.
Adolf Hitler's maid reveals details about life at his Berghof retreat
Elisabeth Kalhammer, 89, started working in 1943 at the home that Hitler and Eva Braun often visited. The former maid said she was not permitted to speak to the dictator, though Braun was nice to the female employees.
BY Joel Landau / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS / Monday, April 28, 2014, 2:11 PMA.
The fuhrer had the late-night munchies.
A former maid at a secluded retreat for Adolf Hitler has revealed a few personal details about the infamous dictator, including his taste for lukewarm water and late-night snacks of caked filled with apple slices, nuts and raisins.
Elisabeth Kalhammer, 89, of Austria, revealed inside details of the home of Hitler and his partner Eva Braun, their Bavarian retreat called the Berghof, to the German newspaper Salzburger Nachrichten.
Kalhammer was one of 22 girls on staff at the vacation home the fuhrer often frequented, but the staff was not permitted to speak to Hitler, she said, adding to the newspaper she never met him.
The staff was also not allowed to discuss anything that happened inside the house.
But Braun created a good environment for the maids, and Kalhammer said the lovely and elegant woman was always wearing clothing of the latest fashions.
The staff would welcome her with a salute of "Hail gracious lady," according to the article.
Hitler was known to have a very strict diet and a personal chef prepared his food. But he was often up late at night and would sneak into the kitchen where a type of sheet cake with apples, nuts and raisins were prepared for him, she said.
Hitler only drank lukewarm water, she revealed.
Kalhammer was given the job at the residence in 1943 and said she felt queasy, but pretended to be grateful about the assignment, the newspaper reported.
The house was guarded by SS officers and she would clean, sew and do laundry, she said. Her uniform included white aprons with diagonal buttons.
She also had to take special care of the house porcelain china and the staff would be punished with an early curfew if anything broke, she said.
The mood in the house, which had plenty of food, was much nicer than the rest of the region as many people faced rough conditions and food shortages, she said. There were other advantages including free passes to a local movie theater and being allowed to knit wool socks for family members at Christmas, she said.
But the atmosphere at the house became much more tense after the failed July 20, 1944 assassination attempt, the newspaper reported.
Audi exploited Nazi slave labor during World War II: report
A report commissioned by Audi found that its predecessor Auto Union is morally responsible for the deaths of 4,500 slaves who were forced to work in its factories. Audi is now rethinking the legacy of famed founder Dr. Richard Bruhn, who had close ties with the Nazi party.
BY Carol Kuruvilla / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS / Tuesday, May 27, 2014, 1:59 PMA.
CHRISTOF STACHE/AFP/Getty Images=Audi’s predecessor ‘Auto Union’ reportedly used Nazi slave labor during World War II.
Audi has revealed the truth about its engineering.
The German car manufacturer is attempting to come to terms with its dark dealings with the Nazi party during World War II — and its role in the deaths of over 4,500 slave laborers.
A new historical report commissioned by the company shows that the trouble can be traced straight to the top — to Dr. Richard Bruhn, one of the company’s cherished and celebrated founders.
Bruhn led Audi back when it was “Auto Union,” according to The Local. Audi’s English websites still praise him for his negotiating skills and his “high reputation”— both of which allowed him to re-establish the Auto Union after the war. He was given West Germany’s Grand Cross of Merit in 1953 before he died in 1964.
But Bruhn’s shining successes have now been marred by his involvement with the Nazi party. A study by historians Martin Kukowski and Rudolf Boch found that Bruhn was personally responsible for Auto Union’s use of slave labor.
The report found that Auto Union had “moral responsibility” for the deaths of 4,500 slaves imprisoned in the Flossenburg concentration camp in Bavaria. These men and women died while being forced to work at an Auto Union labor camp in nearby Leitmeritz.
The company had also reportedly built seven forced labor camps that were run by SS soldiers. The firm used 3,700 slaves in those camps to do hard labor. Around a quarter were imprisoned Jews.
In addition to the specially built camps, the study suggests that Auto Union used another 16,500 laborers in factories in Zwickau and Chemnitz, in Saxony. These workers weren’t forced to live on labor camps, but they were forced to work for the company.
AP=Jewish slave workers in striped uniforms in a Nazi ammunition factory near the Dachau concentration camp during World War II.
The investigative report from Audi follows a precedent set by other German car makers after the war. Volkswagen, Daimler and BMW have all commissioned similar studies.
Auto Union changed its name to Audi after a merger in 1985. The company has said that it will examine ways to compensate any former laborers who are still alive.
Audi works council head Peter Mosch said he was blown away by the grim findings.
"I'm very shocked by the scale of the involvement of the former Auto Union leadership in the system of forced and slave labour," Audi works council head Peter Mosch told Wirtschaftswoche, a German news magazine. "I was not aware of the extent [of this involvement]," he added.
Audi is considering taking Bruhn’s name out of initiatives, such as pension plans. It is also asking its websites around the world to edit the pages dedicated to entrepreneur.
Ingolstadt, the Bavarian city where Audi is headquartered, is considering renaming streets that were named after Bruhn, the Telegraph reports.
この映画は主人公の本人が存命中に、しかも制作に直接参加して生まれた。アンジェリーナ・ジョリーはアメリカ人はもとより世界の間で女優などの映画人と同時に人道家として広く知られている。アジア系や黒人系の孤児を養子に取り、旦那のブラット・ピットと共に、わが子として育てていることも事実である。この映画を「だだの作り話」とまったく否定している日本人の厚顔さや醜さ。日本人の発言がいかに信憑性がないか、世界に宣伝しているようなもの。ドイツと違い、太平洋戦争を美化や浄化に必死になっている日本人の姿が、ここでも浮かび上がっていて面白い。
*****
'Unbroken' causes outrage in Japan as right-wing ultra-nationalists label Angelina Jolie a racist
Calling the biopic of American Olympic runner Louis Zamperini, who spent two years in Japanese POW camp, 'a pure fabrication,' nationalists say that the war hero's account of torture at the hands of his captor has never been verified.
Tuesday, December 9, 2014, 12:39 PM BY Ethan Sacks
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
Universal Pictures Japanese right-wing nationalists are up in arms over depictions of torture in the Angelina Jolie-directed biopic, ‘Unbroken.’
Angelina Jolie’s WWII drama “Unbroken” has drawn fire from the Japanese.
Right-wing nationalist groups in the Asian country have slammed the upcoming biopic of Olympic runner Louis Zamperini over its depiction of the torture he endured during his time in a Japanese prison camp ― and labeled Jolie, the film's director, a racist.
At the center of controversy are the sequences in “Unbroken” of Zamperini’s beatings at the hands of an Imperial officer named Mutsuhiro Watanabe ― played by Japanese pop star Miyavi. The emotionally tough scenes are taken straight out of Laura Hillenbrand’s biography of the same name and based on Zamperini’s own account.
“It's pure fabrication," Hiromichi Moteki, the secretary general of the Society for the Dissemination of Historical Fact, told London’s Telegraph.
"If there is no verification of the things he said, then anyone can make such claims," he added. "This movie has no credibility and is immoral."
The movie is based on the biography of the same name about real-life Olympian and war hero, Louis Zamperini, who was tortured by Japanese officers during a two-year ordeal in a POW camp. Universal Pictures The movie is based on the biography of the same name about real-life Olympian and war hero, Louis Zamperini, who was tortured by Japanese officers during a two-year ordeal in a POW camp.
Commentors on social media have called for the government to ban Jolie from entering the country in the future.
Zamperini, who died in July, was a crewmember on a warplane that crashed in the Pacific in May 1943 and drifted in a raft for 47 days with one other survivor before being intercepted by a Japanese warship.
His hellish ordeal as a POW lasted until V-J Day in August 1945.
Miyavi himself has was devastated by the experience of filming the infamous camp scenes.
"It was awful torture for me to hate the other actors," he told Vanity Fair. "I had to have hatred for them. When I had to beat them, I had to think about protecting my family.
"At the same time, I didn't want to be just a bad guy. I wanted to put humanity in this role. (Mutushiro) was both crazy and sadistic, but also weak and traumatized."
U.S. drops the atomic bomb on Hiroshima in 1945
NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
Wednesday, August 5, 2015, 12:00 PM
THE PHOTO PROVIDED BY U.S. ARMY VIA HIROSHIMA PEACE MEMORIAL MUSEUM, NO SALES, CREDIT MANDATORY AP provides access to this publicly distributed HANDOUT photo to be used only to illustrate news reporting or commentary on the facts or events depicted in this image. AP
A mushroom cloud billows about one hour after a nuclear bomb was detonated above Hiroshima, Japan on Aug. 6, 1945.
WASHINGTON, D.C., Aug. 6 - The most terrible weapon in history - an atomic bomb with more explosive power than 20,000 tons of TNT - was dropped on Japan last night, it was disclosed today as President Truman hurled a new ultimatum at the [Japanese], warning them to surrender or be wiped out.
In revealing the most closely guarded secret of World War II, the President announced in a dramatic statement issued through the White House:
“Sixteen hours ago (7 P.M. Sunday, New York time) an American airplane dropped one bomb on Hiroshima, an important Japanese army base. The bomb had more power than 20,000 tons of TNT. It had more power than 2,000 times the blast power of British ‘Grand Slam,' which is the largest bomb ever yet used in the history of warfare… it is an atomic bomb. It is a harnessing of the basic power of the universe. The force from which the sun draws its power has been loosed against those who brought war to the Far East.”
ATOMIC BOMB DROPPED ON NAGASAKI IN 1945
The extent of damage from superbomb No. 1 was not immediately learned. A War Department statement said that “reconnaissance planes state that an impenetrable cloud of dust and smoke covered the target area.”
“As soon as accurate details of the result of the bombing become available, they will be released by the Secretary of War,” it added.
Atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, published August 7, 1945.
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Atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, published August 7, 1945. Atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, published August 7, 1945.
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New York Daily News
Atomic bomb was dropped on Japan, published August 7, 1945.
(The Associated Press pointed out that the one atomic bomb dropped on Japan carried a wallop more violent than 2,000 B-29 superfortress normally could hand a city, using the old type TNT bombs. One B-29 ordinarily can deliver about 10 tons of TNT bombs to a target.)
Last night’s bomb hit Hiroshima, on the Inland Sea, on the southeast coast of the main [Japanese] home island of Honshu. Truman warned that others would strike if the [Japanese] did not surrender immediately.
“It was to spare the Japanese people from utter destruction,” the President said, “that the ultimatum of July 26 was issued at Potsdam. Their leaders promptly rejected that ultimatum. If they do not now accept our terms, they may expect a rain of ruin from the air, the like of which has never been seen on this earth. Behind this air attack will follow sea and land forces in which numbers and power as they have not yet seen and with the fighting skill of which they are already aware.”
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War Secretary Stimson revealed that even deadlier atomic bombs will soon be made. “Improvements,” he said, “will be forthcoming shortly which will increase by several fold the present effectiveness” of the terror weapon.
Stimson flatly declared that “we are convinced that Japan will not be in a position to use an atomic bomb in this war,” and added that “it is abundantly clear that the possession of this weapon by the U.S. even in its present form, should prove tremendous aid in the shortening of the war against Japan.”
Here, superimposed on an aerial photo of Manhattan and Long Island City, are the boundaries of Hiroshima (broken white line) first city to feel the effects of the atomic bomb.
New York Daily News
Here, superimposed on an aerial photo of Manhattan and Long Island City, are the boundaries of Hiroshima (broken white line) first city to feel the effects of the atomic bomb.
The use in combat of the single atomic bomb was the culmination of three years of effort by science, industry, and the Army. So closely guarded was the secret of the new weapon that 125,000 workers at three hush-hush plants in Richland, Wash.; Oak Ridge, near Knoxville, Tenn., and near Santa Fe., N.M., never knew what they were producing, in more than two and one-half years.
On the super weapon, which works on an entirely new theory, the U.S., in cooperation with the British, gambled $2,000,000,000 that scientists could smash the atom, thus releasing the deadliest source of power ever discovered. Truman said that “we have spent $2,000,000,000 on the greatest scientific gamble in history and - won.”
The atomic bomb uses uranium as the essential ore in its production. War Secretary Stimson said that “steps have been taken and will continue to be taken to insure adequate supplies of this mineral.”
Race of Scientific Minds.
President Truman’s statement revealed that the bomb, despite its imagination-staggering deadliness, has an “exceedingly small” physical size, which confounded workers at the three atomic bomb plants. “They see great quantities of material going in and they see nothing coming out of these plants,” he said, “for the physical size of the explosive charge is exceedingly small.”
The history of the atomic bomb is also the history of feverish race among Germany’s scientific minds, and the combined scientific minds of the U.S. and Great Britain. The Battle of the Laboratories,” as President Truman called it, “held fateful risks for us as well as the battles of the air, land and sea, and we have now won the battle of the laboratories as we have won the other battles.”
YOTSUGI KAWAHARA/AP
Nuclear bomb victims are sheltered at the Hiroshima Second Military Hospital's tent relief center at the banks of the Ota River in Hiroshima, Japan, one day after the world's first nuclear bombing.
Prior to 1939, it was an accepted scientific belief that, theoretically, the atom could be smashed to release atomic energy. No one, however, knew any practical method of doing it. By 1942, the Germans, President Truman said, were working 24 hours a day to find a way “to add atomic energy to the other engines of war with which they hoped to enslave the world. But they failed.”
“Beginning in 1940, before Pearl Harbor, scientific knowledge useful in war was pooled between the U.S. and Great Britain, and many priceless helps to our victories have come from that arrangement,” he continued. "Under that general policy the research on the atomic bomb was begun. With American and British scientists working together, we entered the race of discovery against the Germans.”
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The late President Roosevelt and former Prime Minister Churchill, Truman said, agreed that experiments should be conducted in this country, free from bombing attack and threat of invasion.
Highly praising the resultant success of the combined Anglo-American efforts, the President commented: “What has been done is the greatest achievement of organized science in history. It was done under high pressure and without failure.”
With use of the shattering new weapon, he added, “we are now prepared to obliterate more rapidly and completely every productive enterprise the Japanese have above ground in any city. We shall destroy their docks, their factories, and their communications. Let there be no mistake; we shall completely destroy Japan’s power to make war.”
END OF THE WAR/HIROSHIMA PHOTO PACKAGE(FILES) This file photo dated 10 August 1945 shows two brothers who survived the atomic bombing of Hiroshima four days earlier. Around 140,000 people, or more than half of Hiroshima's population at the time, died in the first atomic bombing 06 August 1945, with another 70,000 people perishing in the bomb dropped over Nagasaki 09 August 1945. Following the bombings, Japan surrendered 02 September 1945 to Allied forces, officially ending World War II, bringing down the curtain on the costliest conflict in history. The 60th anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima will take place with ceremonies in the Japanese city on 06 August 2005. AFP PHOTO/HO/FILES
AFP/AFP/Getty Images
This file photo shows smoke billowing 20,000 feet above Hiroshima, Japan while smoke from the burst of the first atomic bomb spread over 10,000 feet on the target at the base of the rising column.
Truman said he would recommend to Congress establishment of a commission to control production and use of atomic power in the U.S., and that he would “give further consideration and make further recommendations” to Congress as to how atomic power can become a “powerful and forceful influence towards the maintenance of world peace.”
Stimson announced that the man who directed the Army’s $2,000,000,000 job of discovering and perfecting atom-smashing was Major Gen. Leslie R. Groves, formerly of Pasadena, Calif., who now lives here. Groves, for the past three years, has held the title of commanding officer of the “Manhattan Engineering District,” the phony name given the hush-hush project to fool spies.
Many Plants Played Part.
A partial list of industrial firms which contributed “so signally” to the atomic bomb, as given out by Stimson, included:
Du Pont de Nemours & Co., which designed and constructed the mammoth Hanford installations in the State of Washington; a special subsidiary of the M.W. Kellogg Co., of N.Y., which designed one of the plants at Clinton, Tenn.; The J.A. Jones Co., which built the Clinton plant, and the Union Carbide and Carbon Co., which operates it. Other firms listed were the Stone & Webster Engineering Corp., Allis-Chalmers, Westinghouse, Chrysler, General Electric and Tennessee Eastman Corp.
Stimson also named a policy committee, with Truman’s approval, to formulate recommendations for postwar organization of atomic power development.
On the committee are Stimson, as chairman; and State Secretary Byrnes; former Undersecretary of the Navy Ralph A. Bard; Assistant Secretary of State Will Clayton Harvard President Dr. James Conant; M.I.T. President Dr. Karl T. Compton; and George L. Harrison, president of the New York Life Insurance Co., who is now a special consultant to Stimson. He was named alternate chairman of the committee.
Stimson also revealed that a combined policy committee, set up in August, 1943, to expedite production, was staffed by Stimson, Bush and Conant for the U.S.; Field Marshal Sir John Dill and Col. J.J. Llewellin for the United Kingdom; and C.D. Howe, for Canada.
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