>The new law allows up to 40% of the state’s electricity to come from other zero-carbon sources, including nuclear energy and fossil fuel plants, as long as they capture their carbon emissions.
一般に電気機器（発電機・電動機など）は「設備利用率」が定義されていますが、送電配電線の場合、熱容量だけでなく系統運用の観点からさまざまな制約があり、「運用容量」が時々刻々と変化するため、基準となる「定格容量」が定義できず、他の電気機器と同じように単純に求めることができません。そこで、本分析では、文献(2),(3)に従って、運用容量実績の年間最大値を基準に利用率を定義する方法を採用することとしました。本分析では「年間最大運用容量基準の利用率」と呼ぶこととします。
(2)Y. Yasuda et al.: “An Objective Measure of Interconnection Usage for High Levels of Wind Integration”, Proc. of 14th Wind Integration Workshop, WIW14-1227 (2014)
(3)安田陽:「再生可能エネルギー大量導入のための連系線利用率の国際比較」, 電気学会 新エネルギー・環境／メタボリズム社会・環境システム 合同研究会, FTE-16-002, MES-16-002 (2016)
The first steam generator for China's demonstration high-temperature gas-cooled reactor plant (HTR-PM) has completed air pressure tests, confirming its integrity, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) has announced.
The test was completed on 29 September, one month ahead of schedule, CNNC said. Completion of the test "indicates that China has fully mastered the design and manufacture" of steam generators for high-temperature gas-cooled reactors, according to the company.
Work began on the demonstration HTR-PM unit - which features two small reactors and a turbine - at China Huaneng's Shidaowan site in December 2012. China Huaneng is the lead organisation in the consortium to build the demonstration units together with CNNC subsidiary China Nuclear Engineering Corporation (CNEC) and Tsinghua University's Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, which is the research and development leader. Chinergy, a joint venture of Tsinghua and CNEC, is the main contractor for the nuclear island.
The demonstration plant's twin HTR-PM reactors will drive a single 210 MWe turbine. Helium gas will be used as the primary circuit coolant. The steam generator transfers heat from helium coolant to a water/steam loop. The design temperature of the HTR-PM reaches 750°C. "The overall structure is very complex, and the requirements for raw materials and manufacturing processes are extremely high," said CNNC.
The pressure vessel of the first reactor was installed within the unit's containment building in March 2016. The vessel - about 25 metres in height and weighing about 700 tonnes - was manufactured by Shanghai Electric Nuclear Power Equipment. The second reactor pressure vessel was installed later that year.
The first of the graphite moderator spheres was loaded within the core of the first reactor in April last year. In July, the thermal hydraulic parameters of the steam generator were validated. The demonstration HTR-PM is expected to be connected to the grid and start electricity generation this year.
A further 18 such HTR-PM units are proposed at Shidaowan.
Beyond HTR-PM, China proposes a scaled-up version called HTR-PM600, which sees one large turbine rated at 650 MWe driven by some six HTR-PM reactor units. Feasibility studies on HTR-PM600 deployment are under way for Sanmen, Zhejiang province; Ruijin, Jiangxi province; Xiapu and Wan'an, in Fujian province; and Bai'an, Guangdong province.
