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To confirm further that Fgf4-induced stem cells with a trophoblast-like nature were converted into ES-like cells, rather than just selecting ES-like cells pre-existing in the Fgf4-induced stem cell culture, we examined the effect of the MEK inhibitor PD0325901 on the ES-like cell generation from Fgf4-induced stem cells. Like trophoblast stem cells, Fgf4-induced stem-cell survival is dependent on FGF–MEK signals, and the inhibition of MEK activity caused massive cell death (Extended Data Fig. 6c). However, PD0325901 is also known to be a main effector in 2i medium[17] and to promote ES cell maintenance. Addition of PD0325901 to LIF+FBS-containing medium strongly inhibited the formation of ES-like colonies from Fgf4-induced stem cells (Fig. 3e, left, and Fig. 3f). This inhibition was unlikely to be due to secondary toxic effects from massive cell death of Fgf4-induced stem cells, as colonies formed in the presence of PD0325901 when ES cells were co-plated in the same culture with Fgf4-induced stem cells (Fig. 3e, right, and Fig. 3f).
