トコトンやりましょう。
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Retraction: Stimulus-triggered fate conversion of somatic cells into pluripotency
Haruko Obokata, Teruhiko Wakayama, Yoshiki Sasai, Koji Kojima, Martin P. Vacanti, Hitoshi Niwa, Masayuki Yamato & Charles A. Vacanti
Several critical errors have been found in our Article and Letter (dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12969), which led to an in-depth investigation by the RIKEN Institute. The RIKEN investigation committee has categorized some of the errors as misconduct (see Supplementary Data 1 and Supplementary Data 2). Additional errors identified by the authors that are not discussed in RIKEN’s report are listed below.
(1) Figure 1a and b in the Letter both show embryos generated from STAP cells, not a comparison of ES- and STAP-derived chimaeric embryos, as indicated in the legend.
(2) Extended Data Fig. 7d in the Article and Extended Data Fig. 1a in the Letter are different images of the same embryo and not, as indicated in the legends, a diploid chimaera embryo and tetraploid chimaera embryo.
(3) There is an erroneous description in Fig. 1a in the Letter. The right panel of Fig. 1a is not a ‘long exposure’ image at the camera level but a digitally enhanced one.
(4) In Fig. 4b of the Letter, STAP cell and ES cell are wrongly labelled in a reverse manner.
(5) In the Article, one group of STAP stem cells (STAP-SCs) was reported as being derived from STAP cells induced from spleens of F1 hybrids from the cross of mouse lines carrying identical cag-gfp insertions in chromosome 18 in the background of 129/Sv and B6, respectively, and that they were maintained in the Wakayama laboratory. However, further analysis of the eight STAP-SC lines indicates that, while sharing the same 129×B6 F1 genetic background, they have a different GFP insertion site. Furthermore, while the mice used for STAP cell induction are homozygous for the GFP transgene, the STAP-SCs are heterozygous. The GFP transgene insertion site matches that of the mice and ES cells kept in the Wakayama laboratory. Thus, there are inexplicable discrepancies in genetic background and transgene insertion sites between the donor mice and the reported STAP-SCs.
We apologize for the mistakes included in the Article and Letter. These multiple errors impair the credibility of the study as a whole and we are unable to say without doubt whether the STAP-SC phenomenon is real. Ongoing studies are investigating this phenomenon afresh, but given the extensive nature of the errors currently found, we consider it appropriate to retract both papers.
(1) Figure 1a and b in the Letter both show embryos generated from STAP cells, not a comparison of ES- and STAP-derived chimaeric embryos, as indicated in the legend.
(3) There is an erroneous description in Fig. 1a in the Letter. The right panel of Fig. 1a is not a ‘long exposure’ image at the camera level but a digitally enhanced one.
桂報告じゃなくてリトラクト理由書だね。
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(2) Extended Data Fig. 7d in the Article and Extended Data Fig. 1a in the Letter are different images of the same embryo and not, as indicated in the legends, a diploid chimaera embryo and tetraploid chimaera embryo.
ここね。
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Figure 2. SNPs detected in FI-SC mRNAs indicating contamination. (A) Allele distributions obtained from ESC and FI-SC RNA-seq experiments used in the STAP paper. Both ESCs (blue) and FI-SCs (red) are annotated as having a 129B6F1 genetic background. The number of applied SNPs for each experiment is shown in parentheses in the boxes. (B) SNPs detected in Sall4 and Klf4, which are highly expressed in ESCs. B6-type alleles are shown in blue and 129-type alleles (i.e., non-B6) are in yellow. (C) SNPs detected in the TSC-specific genes Elf5 and Sox21. (D) The number of homozygous/heterozygous SNPs observed in the stem cells used in the original paper. Only the composition observed in FI-SCs would be predicted to affect gene expression. P-values were calculated using Fisher's exact test of genotype distribution between TSC-specific genes and ESC-specific genes. Rep1 and rep2 denote two replicated experiments. (E) Heatmap of representative cytokine and extracellular matrix genes that are highly expressed in MEFs. Normalized log ratios of fragments per kilobase of exon per million reads (FPKM) against the medians of all samples were shown.
隣に論文貼ってくれた人がいるね。
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J Biol Chem. 2015 Dec 11;290(50):30152-62. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.659094. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals a Novel Regulatory Role for Sox21 Protein in Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation.
アブストだけだけど。
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Abstract
Appropriate self-renewal and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are key factors for proper placental development and function and, in turn, for appropriate in utero fetal growth. To identify novel TSC-specific genes, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of TSCs, embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, and mouse embryo fibroblasts, derived from mice of the same genetic background. Our analysis revealed a high expression of Sox21 in TSCs compared with other cell types. Sox21 levels were high in undifferentiated TSCs and were dramatically reduced upon differentiation. In addition, modulation of Sox21 expression in TSCs affected lineage-specific differentiation, based on both marker analysis and functional assessment. Our results implicate Sox21 specifically in the promotion of spongiotrophoblast and giant cell differentiation and establish a new mechanism through which trophoblast sublineages are specified.
あ、そうね。頼んどくわ。
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J Biol Chem. 2015 Dec 11;290(50):30152-62. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M115.659094. Epub 2015 Oct 21.
Gene Expression Profiling Reveals a Novel Regulatory Role for Sox21 Protein in Mouse Trophoblast Stem Cell Differentiation.
Moretto Zita M1, Soncin F1, Natale D2, Pizzo D1, Parast M1.
Author information
Abstract
Appropriate self-renewal and differentiation of trophoblast stem cells (TSCs) are key factors for proper placental development and function and, in turn, for appropriate in utero fetal growth. To identify novel TSC-specific genes, we performed genome-wide expression profiling of TSCs, embryonic stem cells, epiblast stem cells, and mouse embryo fibroblasts, derived from mice of the same genetic background. Our analysis revealed a high expression of Sox21 in TSCs compared with other cell types. Sox21 levels were high in undifferentiated TSCs and were dramatically reduced upon differentiation. In addition, modulation of Sox21 expression in TSCs affected lineage-specific differentiation, based on both marker analysis and functional assessment. Our results implicate Sox21 specifically in the promotion of spongiotrophoblast and giant cell differentiation and establish a new mechanism through which trophoblast sublineages are specified.
和モガさんは理系だとは言え素人だからね。自分で勉強されてブログに書いているだけだからね。
遠藤さんとは違うよね。正式に論文になって採用されている。その論文に<(C) SNPs detected
in the TSC-specific genes Elf5 and Sox21. >と書いたからには、これは公共データベースを
見たまんまというわけには行かないんじゃないのかな。
