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アジア隣国諸国の出来事

100凡人:2012/09/17(月) 10:43:54
スー・チー氏、米へ出発 10月3日まで滞在予定
2012/9/17 1:25

 【バンコク=共同】ミャンマーの最大野党、国民民主連盟(NLD)党首アウン・サン・スー・チー氏は16日、約40年ぶりの米国訪問に向けてミャンマー最大都市ヤンゴンを出発した。バンコクと成田を経由してワシントンに向かう。米国滞在は17日から10月3日までの予定。

 最も権威のある米勲章の一つ「議会金メダル」や米シンクタンク「大西洋評議会」のグローバル市民賞の授与式、国連本部での教育関連会合などに出席する。

 一方、同時期に米基金の表彰式に招待されていたミャンマーの著名民主活動家ミン・コー・ナイン氏は16日までに米国行きを見送ったことを明らかにした。

 同氏には政府からパスポートが発行されたが、同行予定の他の民主活動家にパスポートが発行されなかったことが理由という。

101凡人:2013/03/28(木) 14:16:48 ID:/9M65eBE0
廃棄物垂れ流しの臭い強し。
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1,000 dead ducks pulled from river in southwest China

Officials have found more than 1,000 deceased ducks in the Nanhe River in Sichuan province. The news comes on top of reports that the number of pig carcasses pulled from Shanghai’s Huangpu River has topped 16,000.

By Victoria Taylor / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
Tuesday, March 26, 2013, 3:41 PM

NBC-picture:Officials said they are investigating the origin of the dead ducks.

First a river that feeds into Shanghai was was filled with dead pigs, now a second river is flowing with dead animals of a different feather.

Dead ducks — more than 1,000 of them — were found in a river in southwest China’s Sichuan province, according to state news agency Xinhua.

NBC-picture:More than 1,000 dead ducks have been removed from a river in southwest China.

The birds surfaced in 50 plastic woven bags in the Nanhe river in Pengshan county. BBC reported that Liang Weidong, the deputy director of Pengshan's publicity office, said that authorities became aware of the situation on Tuesday. They have since removed more than 1,000 deceased ducks, which have been disinfected and buried in a designated area, Liang said.

NBC-picture:The news of the deceased birds came after officials reported that the number of dead pigs removed from a Shanghai river has surpassed 16,000.

Officials have not determined what killed the ducks, and an investigation is ongoing to see where the birds came from, according to Xinhua.

NBC-picture:Local officials said the residents are not at risk because the Nanhe river is not used for drinking water.

The river is not used for drinking water, and BBC reports that officials have told residents that they are not at risk.

Earlier this month, officials began removing dead pigs from Shanghai’s Huangpu river, which provides the city with 22 percent of its tap water. The deceased hog toll has surpassed 16,000. The origin of the pig corpses remains a mystery, and the swine scandal has sparked public concern.

102凡人:2013/12/29(日) 11:55:43 ID:bwiS95oU0
中国が強制労働を廃止 人権侵害批判意識、拘束の約6万人近く釈放
2013.12.29 00:30

 【北京=矢板明夫】中国国営新華社通信によると、中国の全国人民代表大会(全人代、国会に相当)常務委員会は28日、司法手続きなしに矯正を名目に最長で4年間拘束し、農場や工場などで労働を強制する「労働教養」制度の廃止を正式に決めた。労働教養期間が残る人への執行は停止され、約6万人とされる被拘束者は近く釈放される見通しだ。

 11月の共産党第18期中央委員会第3回総会(3中総会)で決まった方針を追認する形で、同制度の関連法の規定を廃止した。

 労働教養制度は毛沢東時代の1957年に本格導入された。少額の窃盗や暴行事件の被疑者のほか、気功団体「法輪功」のメンバーや反体制活動家、陳情者などの拘束にも多く使われてきたため、人権侵害の象徴として国内外から長年、批判されてきた。

 習近平政権は同制度を廃止することにより、国際社会での中国のイメージ改善を図りたい思惑があるといわれている。しかし、習政権による人権活動家らの拘束は以前と比べて増加する傾向にあり、最近では労働教養ではなく「公共秩序騒乱罪」などによって刑事事件として立件するようになってきている。

 また、地方政府が中央への陳情者を拘束するために設けたヤミ施設「黒監獄」も増加しており、中国の人権状況が本当に改善されるかどうかは不透明だ。

 全人代常務委では3中総会で決定した人口抑制策「一人っ子政策」の緩和にも同意。夫婦が一人っ子同士の場合などに子供2人を持つことを認める例外規定があるが、労働力人口を確保するため、夫婦の一方が一人っ子の場合にも2人目の子供の出産を認める。

 常務委はこのほか、第12期全人代第2回会議を2014年3月5日から北京で開催することを決定した。

103凡人:2013/12/31(火) 04:59:23 ID:bwiS95oU0
ミャンマーで恩赦、全政治犯を解放へ 民主化に弾み
2013/12/31 1:20

 【ヤンゴン=松井基一】ミャンマーのテイン・セイン大統領は30日、同国で収監中の全政治犯に恩赦を与えた。国営メディアが伝えた。31日中にも全員を解放する見通しだ。ミャンマー政府は今夏、全政治犯を年内に解放する方針を公表し、10月以降に約150人を解放した。全政治犯を解放すれば、民主化に弾みがつきそうだ。

 今回恩赦が与えられた政治犯には、軍事政権時代に表現の自由を求めてデモに参加した市民や、政権批判を行ったジャーナリストなどが含まれるもよう。政府は収監中の政治犯の数を明らかにしていないが、国際的な人権団体などによれば数十人程度いるとみられる。

 これまで欧米各国などは、政治犯の収監を批判してきた。2011年春に就任したテイン・セイン大統領は、国際社会の批判に応える形で政治犯の解放に着手。11年に約320人、12年に約500人を釈放した。ミャンマーでは15年に総選挙を予定しており、テイン・セイン政権は全政治犯の解放により、国民や国際社会の支持を広げたい考えだ。

104凡人:2014/01/04(土) 05:39:01 ID:bwiS95oU0
Release the hounds! Kim Jong Un executed uncle by feeding him to pack of starving dogs
Jang Song Thaek was stripped naked, thrown in a cage and mauled by 120 hunting dogs that had been starved for five days, according to a report in a Hong Kong newspaper. Kim Jong Un and 300 officials reportedly watched the gruesome hour-long horror show.

By Stephen Rex Brown / NEW YORK DAILY NEWS
Friday, January 3, 2014, 10:25 AM

Kim Jong Un literally threw his uncle to the dogs.

The North Korean leader executed his high-ranking uncle by having him stripped, thrown into a cage and eaten alive by 120 starving hounds as the despot himself looked on, the Singaporean Straits Times reports, citing an article in a Hong Kong paper with close ties to China’s ruling Communist Party.

Jang Song Thaek, 67, was dramatically ousted from his position as Kim’s second-in-command last month. Photos showed him being removed from a meeting in Pyongyang of the Political Bureau of the Central Committee of the Workers' Party of Korea.

State media labeled him a traitor and “despicable human scum” but never specified how Jang was executed.

Now, the newspaper Wen Wei Po reports that Kim and his brother monitored the gruesome one-hour long execution along with 300 other officials.

Jang and five of his aides were mauled by the 120 hunting dogs that had been starved for five days, according to the Singaporean Straits Times.

The victims were “completely eaten up,” the report said.

Before his stunning downfall, Jang was seen as a moderate influence pushing for more economic engagement with neighboring China.

Jang, who was married to Kim’s paternal aunt, also was thought to serve as a mentor to the all-powerful 30-year-old leader who assumed power only two years ago.

There was no way to confirm the horrific details of the supervillian-style execution.

The Telegraph cautioned that the wild story could serve as a message from China’s ruling party to Pyongyang, given that Chinese officials are said to be outraged about his execution.

105凡人:2014/05/27(火) 03:13:42 ID:bwiS95oU0
タイ国王が軍事政権承認 「軍主導」本格化へ
2014年5月26日(月) PM 07:13

 【バンコク共同】クーデターを起こしたタイのプラユット陸軍司令官は26日、バンコクで記者会見し、全権を掌握した「国家平和秩序評議会(NCPO)」の議長就任についてプミポン国王から正式に承認を受けたと発表、国王が軍事政権を認めたことを強調した。解体した立法府に代わり、暫定議会を創設する方針も示した。

 国内外に向けて軍政の正統性を強調した形で、軍主導の政治運営が本格化する。クーデター後、司令官が会見したのは初めて。

 司令官は、暫定議会のほか、政治や社会を改革する組織も「速やかに設置する」とした。具体的な内容や時期は示さなかった。

106凡人:2015/06/09(火) 10:06:15 ID:da95RwFo0
中国、大学入試替え玉受験で9人拘束 記者の潜入で発覚 報酬は大学のランク別
2015.6.9 09:51 Sankei

 中国で7、8両日に実施された全国統一大学入学試験「高考」で、江西省の捜査当局は9日までに、受験生に成り済ました大学生らが受験する「替え玉受験」に関与した9人を拘束した。発覚の端緒は中国紙、南方都市報の記者による潜入取材だった。中国各紙が伝えた。

 中国では毎年「高考」のたびに替え玉受験やカンニングなどの不正が相次ぎ、社会問題になっている。教育省の報道官は8日、捜査当局が江西省の事件を徹底的に捜査すると約束した。

 南方都市報の記者は昨年11月、不正を行っている組織に接触。インターネットや電話などで連絡を取り続けて「仲間」に加えられ、「替え玉」役となった。渡された偽の身分証明書などを持って7日、江西省南昌の受験会場に「替え玉」とばれることなく入り、受験に成功した。

 中国紙によると、不正組織の収入は「替え玉」が合格した大学によって細かく分けられている。北京市にあるトップクラスの理系大であれば数百万元(1元は約20円)になるという。(共同)

107凡人:2015/11/09(月) 06:13:58 ID:da95RwFo0
ミャンマーで総選挙 スー・チー氏の野党優勢 
2015年11月9日(月) AM 12:43

 【ヤンゴン共同】ミャンマーで8日、総選挙の投開票が行われた。2011年の民政移管後、初めての総選挙で、アウン・サン・スー・チー氏率いる野党、国民民主連盟(NLD)が優勢だ。政権交代を目指すNLDが単独過半数を獲得できるかが焦点で、9日以降に大勢が判明する見通し。

 NLDの独自調査では、一部の選挙区で同党候補が当選確実となった。一部の地元メディアは、最大都市ヤンゴンを中心とする出口調査でNLDに投票した人が9割に上ったと伝えた。

 全土で4万以上の投票所が設けられ、日本などが選挙監視団を派遣。各地で大きな混乱はなかったもようで、高い投票率が見込まれている。

 ミャンマーの総選挙で投票が始まり、列をつくる有権者=8日、ヤンゴン(共同)

108凡人:2015/11/12(木) 10:08:34 ID:da95RwFo0
大統領「平和に政権移行」 ミャンマー、国民和解図る
2015年11月12日(木) AM 12:44

 【ヤンゴン共同】ミャンマー大統領府は11日、総選挙の大勢判明を受け、野党、国民民主連盟(NLD)の党首アウン・サン・スー・チー氏(70)に対し、テイン・セイン大統領が祝意を表し「国民の選択と決定を尊重し、安定的で平和的な政権移行を進める」と約束する声明を出した。事実上敗北を認め、NLDへの政権交代が確実になった。

 NLDによると、スー・チー氏は10日にテイン・セイン氏とミン・アウン・フライン国軍総司令官らに書簡を送り、国民和解のための会談を呼び掛けた。大統領や国軍は、選挙結果の確定後に会談の設定を調整するとして合意した。

 来年3月に政権交代する見通し。

 アウン・サン・スー・チー氏の写真が掲載された週刊紙など=11日、ミャンマー・ヤンゴン(AP=共同)

109凡人:2015/11/12(木) 11:53:57 ID:da95RwFo0
Aung San Suu Kyi: The Nelson Mandela of Myanmar?
By Ingrid Piper and Moni Basu, CNN/Nov 9, 2015

(CNN) ― She's the living symbol of Myanmar's long struggle for democracy and the country's most loved politician. Now -- and not for the first time -- Aung San Suu Kyi and her party are on the brink of making history.

The 70-year-old former political prisoner and Nobel laureate appears to have led her opposition National League for Democracy (NLD) party to a resounding victory in the first freely held national elections in 25 years. Suu Kyi herself was reelected to her seat in the Kawhmu constituency in Yangon.

Many believe the elections will bring an end to decades of military rule in the onetime pariah state -- and still more have pinned their hopes for a new era of democracy on Suu Kyi.

■The daughter of a national hero
The affection people have for Suu Kyi is partly due to her father, Aung San, a military officer who became known as the founding father of independent Burma (now officially known as Myanmar).

He was assassinated by political rivals in 1947, when Suu Kyi was just 2 years old.

Suu Kyi -- known to many today as "The Lady" -- spent much of her early life abroad, going to school in India and at Oxford University in England.

She never sought political office. Rather, leadership was bestowed upon her when she returned home in 1988 after her mother suffered a stroke.

■Suu Kyi's move into politics
After her mother died, Suu Kyi vowed that just as her parents had served the people of Burma, so, too, would she.

In 1990, Suu Kyi led her newly-founded NLD party to victory in elections, but Myanmar's military annulled the results and placed Suu Kyi under house arrest for most of the next 20 years.

But imprisonment couldn't restrain Suu Kyi's calls for democracy in Myanmar, and support for her continued to grow nationally and around the world. She has been compared to Nelson Mandela, who spent 27 years in prison fighting to end apartheid in South Africa before emerging as president.

In 1991 she won the Nobel Peace Prize for her efforts to democratize Myanmar -- an award she wouldn't be able to pick up in person until 2012.
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110凡人:2015/11/12(木) 11:55:09 ID:da95RwFo0
■Life in captivity
She has remained a devoted Buddhist who from the beginning admired the principles on nonviolence and civil disobedience espoused by India's Mahatma Gandhi, according to Nyo Ohn Myint, a professor who serves as one of the leaders in the NLD.

Suu Kyi tried to break the monotony of her life under house arrest by playing her piano, another passion in her life, according to the independent Irrawaddy magazine.

In 2007, people defiantly took to the streets to protest rising fuel costs, and the regime answered with a brutal crackdown. Suu Kyi's detention was extended again and again, and she appeared gaunt and unhappy.

In 2010, Suu Kyi was released from house arrest, part of a transition to a civilian system of government in Myanmar.

Her party was allowed to compete in by-elections in 2012 and won dozens of seats in the parliament, including one for Suu Kyi herself.

■Why Suu Kyi can't be president
But even if the NLD wins the election, Suu Kyi is barred from the presidency by the military-drafted constitution, which prohibits anyone with foreign family members from assuming the top office.

Suu Kyi's late husband -- who died in England in 1999 while she was under house arrest -- was British, and her two sons have British passports.

The constitution also says that the parliament -- which includes members of the upper and lower houses together with unelected military officials -- must choose the next president.

■Suu Kyi's 'simple message'
But Suu Kyi has remained, as always, defiant in the face of long odds.

"If we win and the NLD forms a government I will be above the president. It's a very simple message," she told a news conference in Yangon in early November.

Some have said that Suu Kyi's stubborn defiance over the years became an obstacle to progress in Myanmar. But her followers remain ardent in their admiration. She has clung to her dream of democracy, peace and freedom for Myanmar's 50 million impoverished people, they say.
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111凡人:2017/02/16(木) 12:38:41 ID:/9hL6NYE0
北朝鮮による暗殺劇の裏側
Malaysian airport assassination focuses new attention on North Korean leader
By Anna Fifield February 15, 2017 at 5:22 PM

KUALA LUMPUR, Malaysia ― Terminal 2 at Kuala Lumpur ­International Airport was convulsing with its usual Monday morning chaos. Passengers were crowding around self-check-in ­kiosks for no-frills flights to Bali and Cebu and Da Nang, cramming belongings into their carry-ons.

One of those navigating the cavernous white terminal was a rotund Asian man traveling alone, checking in for a flight to Macau after a week in Malaysia.

The nearby Starbucks was full of people camped out waiting for their flights, and the noise was so loud that the workers at the cafe selling Malaysian soup and noodles did not notice anything amiss just a few yards away.

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There, near a counter in the check-in area, the man was suddenly set upon by two attractive young women who looked like any other travelers heading off on vacation. One was wearing a white sweater emblazoned with “LOL” and a short flowery skirt, her lips painted dark red and her hair cut in a femme-fatale bob.

What followed was an assassination that, complete with a honey trap and a public poisoning, has focused new attention on Kim Jong Un, the 33-year-old leader of North Korea, suggesting he will stop at nothing to keep power.

For the victim was his older half brother, Kim Jong Nam, traveling on an apparently fake passport that said he was a 46-year-old named Kim Chol. It was an attack that South Korea’s spy chief asserted was directly ordered from the North Korean capital, Pyongyang.

One of the women grabbed the man as the other sprayed liquid on his face and held a cloth over it for about 10 seconds.

In the hullabaloo of the check-in area, no one even seemed to notice. This account of the attack and its aftermath was pieced together from interviews with staff at the airport, police and other official statements, and leaks to the local media.

The women left swiftly, but not that swiftly. They went down three sets of escalators, past an H&M and a Baskin-Robbins, and out of the terminal to a taxi stand, where they needed to buy a voucher for their journey before lining up for a cab. They got in and told the driver to take them to the Empire Hotel, some 40 minutes from the airport.

Where are you from, the driver asked. Vietnam, the women responded.

Inside the terminal, Kim Jong Nam, feeling dizzy and apparently unable to see, stumbled to one of the counters to seek help. He was taken to a medical clinic inside the terminal, where he had a mild seizure, then was loaded into an ambulance.

He didn’t make it to the hospital. He died en route. And Malaysian officials soon discovered the real identity of the man who had been living in a kind of exile for the past 15 years.
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112凡人:2017/02/16(木) 12:40:12 ID:/9hL6NYE0
This was not first attempt on Kim Jong Nam’s life. Five years ago, when he took power, Kim Jong Un issued a “standing order” to have his half brother assassinated, South Korean spy chief Lee Byung-ho told lawmakers in Seoul on Wednesday.

“It was a command that had to be pulled off no matter what,” Lee said, according to some of the lawmakers. “Their spy agency had consistently been preparing for the killing, and it just turned out to have been accomplished this time.”

One attempt, in 2012, prompted Kim Jong Nam to send a letter to his younger brother pleading with him to “spare me and my family,” lawmakers were told.

This week’s successful attack bore many of the hallmarks of other assassinations and attempts blamed on North Korea, including a foiled 2011 plot to kill a North Korean defector at a Seoul subway station with a poison needle hidden in a Parker pen.

Two days after the attack, just after 8 a.m. on Wednesday morning, a woman was arrested at the airport ― in the same terminal where the attack took place ― and positively identified as one of the suspects. She was traveling on a Vietnamese passport identifying her as 29-year-old Doan Thi Hoang, police said.

North Koreans have been caught traveling on Southeast Asian passports before, making it entirely possible that the woman is, in fact, North Korean.

Police said that she was traveling alone and had told them she was tricked into the attack, which she had been told was just a prank. On Thursday morning, police arrested a second woman but were looking for four men thought to have been involved.

As all this was happening at the airport, Kim Jong Nam’s body was being transferred in a white van, escorted by four police vehicles carrying officers with automatic weapons, from Putrajaya Hospital to Kuala Lumpur General Hospital, where an autopsy was scheduled.

Black sedans bearing North Korean diplomatic plates pulled up outside the general hospital, and the North Korean ambassador to Malaysia, Kang Chol, emerged from one. He refused to speak to reporters.

Police said the North Korean diplomats had tried to stop the autopsy, insisting that the body be released to them.

The police refused. The autopsy was finished by Wednesday night, but the results were not immediately released. A Malaysian police official told local reporters only that the poison was “more potent than cyanide” but declined to say what exactly it was.

Shortly after 8 p.m., four North Korean cars sped out of the hospital grounds, one driven by a visibly upset young man in his 20s wearing a pink T-shirt ― perhaps Kim Han Sol, the most visible of Kim Jong Nam’s six children.

But there was no such frenzy in Pyongyang, where the regime has been preparing to celebrate the birthday Thursday of Kim Jong Un’s late father, Kim Jong Il, an anniversary officially known in North Korea as the Day of the Shining Star.

The central squares have been cleared of snow, and pictures of trams and computers are on display at an industrial art exhibition commemorating the anniversary. Floral baskets from as far as Africa and Ecuador have been laid at the foot of statues of Kim Jong Il and his father, Kim Il Sung, according to state media.

For North Korea, it is business as usual.
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113凡人:2019/11/14(木) 12:48:35 ID:/8TRzhd60
いま注目を集めている、混乱が続く香港。サッチャー政権のイギリスと中国共産党との協定を守らせようとする、香港市民による民主的生活維持運動。その舞台が街頭から香港の各大学へと移っている。中国共産党/警察当局が学生をターゲットにし始めたからに他ならない。前にも書いたが、これらの大学は世界の大学ランキングでも100位以内の高く評価されている大学群だ。東大よりも高いランキングの大学が含まれる。いまやその激しさは、高経大の学生が始めた当初の民主化運動というよりも、過去の全共闘の頂点を示す東大闘争の様相を呈している観がある。もちろん、香港で起こっていることは共産主義国の民主化運動であって、自由主義国の共産主義運動とは違うし、比較にならないほどの修羅場であるが。いずれにせよ、なかなか目が離せない悲しい情勢なのは間違いない。
****
The New York Times Report
Hong Kong Colleges Become Besieged Citadels as Police Close In
Police have begun raiding the edges of the biggest campuses to make arrests, leading student activists to engage with them in pitched battles that resemble medieval sieges.

By Edward Wong and Ezra Cheung
Nov. 13, 2019 Updated 8:28 p.m. ET

HONG KONG — Seething with anger, the black-clad students hurled gasoline bombs, threw bricks and even aimed flaming arrows at the riot police, who answered with tear-gas volleys and rubber bullets that hurtled into Hong Kong’s university grounds for the first time.

And with those battles on Monday and Tuesday at the territory’s largest universities, another unspoken rule in the antigovernment protests that have been convulsing Hong Kong for six months was shattered: the sanctity of educational campuses from the police.

The clashes turned what had been sanctuaries for the students at the core of the movement into scenes that evoked medieval citadels under siege.

They opened a new chapter that threatens to further disrupt the Asian financial capital, which has struggled for normalcy despite the increasingly violent protests against the Chinese Communist authorities in Beijing who have the last word over Hong Kong’s future.
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114凡人:2019/11/14(木) 12:51:18 ID:/8TRzhd60
Hong Kong has fallen into recession as tourists have fled and as its busy shopping areas become backdrops for street battles between demonstrators and police officers. The world is asking hard questions about what could befall Hong Kong as Beijing further tightens control over a city that is supposed to operate under its own laws.

The most dramatic student-versus-police clash unfolded late Tuesday night at a barricaded bridge leading to the campus of the Chinese University of Hong Kong. For hours, police officers fired hundreds of rounds of tear gas and rubber bullets and students hurled Molotov cocktails and bricks, and practiced firing bows with flaming arrows. More than 100 injured students were brought to a makeshift first-aid clinic in a gym.

By targeting campuses, the police have breached the last refuge of the protesters, a move that brings the violence to the heart of the universities and invokes the pivotal and fraught role of student activism in the global history of democracy movements.

“One thing that people have realized is that the protests, the movement, the conflict, is unavoidable,” Gabriel Fung, a 19-year-old second-year student at the University of Hong Kong, said. “It’s going to reach you wherever you are at some point.”

It is at these universities where young leaders and other students have been organizing revolts against the Chinese Communist Party and spreading the pro-democracy ideas that undergird the protests. And here, too, that the students discuss the wealth inequality and cultural homogenization that have led to visions of a bleak future among many of their generation.

In Hong Kong, university administrators and professors now find themselves in a difficult position, trying to preach tolerance and walk a tightrope of furious demands from students, the police and government officials. Two schools on Wednesday ended their semesters weeks early.

“Not a single place in Hong Kong is exempt from the rule of law, and that includes universities,” John Lee, the secretary for security, said Wednesday at a news conference. “Universities are not supposed to be the breeding ground of violence.”

The showdown has been brewing for years, going back to the pro-democracy Umbrella Movement of 2014. And the roots of the protests in many ways harken back to social movements elsewhere.

On mainland China, students have led campaigns calling for sweeping political change, notably in 1919 and 1989. In the United States in the late 1960s and early 1970s, violence broke out on campuses during anti-Vietnam War protests, most horrifically at Kent State University in 1970, when Ohio National Guard troops opened fire on students, killing four and injuring nine.

Student activists in Hong Kong have lived by an exhausting weekly rhythm since the movement began in early June: protest on weekends, show up on Mondays for class, study for exams and apply for internships or jobs in between it all. Many argue with parents who disagree with their politics or tactics. Hundreds have been arrested in recent months and quickly released by the police, as required by law.
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It was the death of a university student this month that set off the current round of protests and violence. Chow Tsz-lok, a student at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, sustained a fatal injury after falling from a parking garage near a police action on Nov. 4. Thousands attended candlelit memorial rallies last weekend, and his photograph is on posters and makeshift shrines all over campuses, since he is now a martyr for other students.

Roiled by the latest unrest, universities canceled classes from Monday to Friday. That meant protesters have been able to hit the streets at dawn on weekdays after sleeping a few hours. On campus, activists have sprayed fresh graffiti, including phrases cursing administrators.

The fraught situation led police officers on Wednesday to organize an evacuation of dozens of mainland Chinese students across the border to Shenzhen, where hotels offered them free rooms.

One graduate student at the University of Hong Kong said he and others from the mainland still felt safer on campuses than on the streets. He said many students do not openly express pro-Beijing opinions and sometimes avoid speaking loudly in Mandarin, the dominant language back home. (He spoke on the condition of anonymity because of the tensions.)

Some university departments have delayed recruitment drives of mainland and foreign students to come up with new strategies; a drop-off in enrollment by mainland graduate students, who often pay full tuition, would lead to budget problems.

Hong Kong’s public universities, which have more than 86,000 undergraduate and nearly 11,000 graduate students, each have distinct characters. That means the students have occupied different roles in the movement, and the protests have played out in different ways on each campus.

The Chinese University of Hong Kong, with 20,000 students, is considered the most radical campus. Most of its students are Cantonese-speaking locals, some of whom live nearby with their parents in dense apartment blocks. And the campus is high in the hills of Sha Tin, isolated from the city center, which is an hour’s ride away by subway.

On Monday, the police arrested five students on the campus’s edge, administrators said. The next morning, the police, still at the border, confronted front line students, and clashes took place over 20 hours. Rocky S. Tuan, the president, who has been known for trying to engage with students during the movement, showed up during a lull in the evening to urge the students to be calm.

“You all should know that I really want to help you. I will do everything within my capability,” he said. “It is the university’s responsibility to maintain peace on campus, not the police.”

But as Mr. Tuan began walking away, the police fired tear gas. Mr. Tuan himself was enveloped in the gas. Students set fires to keep the police from advancing, and scores formed human chains to pass along bricks, umbrellas and bottled water to the front lines. Students sitting on one patch of road made gasoline bombs as if on an assembly line.

“It was a savage move and a type of police violence when they tried to encroach on the university,” said Timothy Chow, 23, an engineering student who graduated in June. “This is why we have to protect our Chinese University of Hong Kong.”

“When I saw our compatriots and Chinese University staff being hurt by the police, I felt particularly furious and wanted to come back to defend our university,” he added.
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At the University of Hong Kong this week, front-line students also set up barricades and, against the advice of professors, threw paving bricks off balconies, even though it is considered the most established of the territory’s schools.

Founded in 1911, it is the territory’s oldest university. Many of its students are foreigners or Hong Kong residents who attended international schools. English is the main language, and the university aims to open a mainland China campus. Among its alumni are many police commanders and Carrie Lam, the territory’s chief executive who is reviled by protesters.

On Monday, the students were on edge in part because the police had taken a student from a dormitory area early that morning.

Two liberal law professors, Hualing Fu and Johannes Chan, urged a group of front-line protesters in masks not to resort to violence and to understand that the struggle for democracy was a lifetime commitment, according to video footage. But one masked woman shouted they had no choice, and asked: “How many people are we going to sacrifice?”

“We are better, we are different,” Mr. Fu said.

“But we shall not forgive,” a young man shouted, “we shall not forget.”

On Monday and Tuesday mornings, police officers arrived at campus entrances to try to clear the barricades. They fired tear gas, but retreated.

Students have called on the president, Xiang Zhang, to forcefully condemn the police, but he has refrained from doing so, and, unlike Mr. Tuan, rarely holds open forums. On occasion, professors have shown up at the front lines to speak to students, as William Hayward, dean of social sciences, did on Tuesday.

“Obviously, as it goes on and as it gets more polarized, this becomes increasingly a challenge,” Mr. Hayward later said of student engagement. “Some of them do really open up, but at the same time, you know, of course they’re trying to figure out — is he on our side or is he trying to silence us?”

As night fell on Tuesday, students traded shifts at the barricades, walking past a famous eight-meter statue of orange corpses, “The Pillar of Shame,” that memorializes the 1989 massacre of pro-democracy students and workers around Tiananmen Square in Beijing by the Chinese government.

Paul Mozur and Katherine Li contributed reporting.
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