「陸上」
being a practical accounting for military officers of the rudimentary arts of generalship
in the main comprising instruction in the methods of drill,
formation and the corrective purposes of discipline upon formed bodies of men
「海上」
A Rehearsal of high seas adventure. including GENUINE naval stratagems to set a fire in the blood of all jolly tars!
(剣) -5% upkeep costs for all army units
(壺) Enhances national prestige
(金槌)Enables building of;
Drill School
This is a formal system of studies for all young gentlemen seeking a career a career and success
as senior military offcers.
While gifted amaateurusm and the minor gentry's natural leadership and impressive
shouting can do wonders at regimental level, for higher level commands a militaty
cducation is a nccessity, There are matters of co-operation between the different arms
of infantry, cavalry and artillery;there are considerations of supply, intelligence,military
cngineering, politics and grand strategy, These are not truvual subjexts, and require some
study if they are to be useful to a general offcer, A military syllabus approaches these
undertake, At the very least, the reading list will keep the less cerebral officers form
attaining high rank!
The development of a system of military education aided the creation of a centralised
army staff, as it produced the professional officers needed to carry out the necessary
duties, In many countries, professionalism was often viewed with deep suspicion,
because it challenged the idea of the nobility and prooertied clases haveing an automatic
right to command, Talent and preoper training could trump the settled and natural
order of things!
this long blade has a ring which fits round the outside of a mutside of a musket barrel,allowing the
weapon to be fired while it is attached.
この長い刃は、マスケット銃のバレルのmutsideの外側に装着するためのリングを備えています。そして、それを装着する間にも、武器（銃弾）を発射することが出来ます。
the ring bayonet serves to turn a musket into a shot, and rether heavy, pike, this is
considerably more threatening to enemies then using the weapon as a clumsy club in a
hand-to-hand fight.
リング式銃剣は、マスケット銃を狙撃用に変えるのにとても役立ちます。そして、重いrether（パイク）は、白兵戦で不利な棍棒を武器として使っているよりは、敵に対してこんなにも恐怖を与えるのです。
the bayonet is a push fit, and it is the tightness of the ring around
the bayonet that keeps it in place, most of the taime, ring bayonets can be pulled off in
the heat of combat by becoming wedged in enemy flesh, and they can be pushed back
alomg the barrel, they are, however, a considerable advance over the plug bayonet,
銃剣は突き刺す事に優れています。しかし、銃剣の弱点は、大部分のtaimeであり、銃剣が敵の肉の中でくさび型（折れたり曲がったりすること）によって、戦闘の最中に引き離される（抜ける）ことなのです。
ですが、彼らはその背面を、バレルに沿って押す事が出来ます（？）。そしてそれは、プラグ銃剣に比べればかなりの進歩です。
there is some dispute over the origin of the ring bayonet, and it may be the case thar
several military men in different countries developed it at almost the same time its
advantage over the plug bayonet - the user could still give fire - made sure that it was
popular,
リング銃剣の起源に関しては、いくらかの説がありますが、それらの説が数人の軍人の、しかも異なる国で開発されたケースタール（？）であるかもしれません−使用者は、まだ発射することができました−それが人気であったと確信するようになって、リング銃剣はバレルからの脱着可能形式ではありませんでした。そして、awkwand（？）を再び装填することで、マスケットと共に落ち着かせました。
there is some dispute over the origin of the ring bayonet, and it may be the case thar
several military men in different countries developed it at almost the same time its
advantage over the plug bayonet - the user could still give fire - made sure that it was
popular,
リング式銃剣の起源に関しては、いくつかの説があります。そして、この形がほとんど同じにも拘らず、それがプラグ式銃剣に勝り、さらに利点があるという考えは、異なる国の、あるいは数人の軍人から生まれたかもしれません−使用者は、（プラグ式銃剣とは違い）弾を継続的に発射することが出来たのです−そして、それは人気である（評判がいい）ということが確かめられていくのです。
多分こんな感じじゃないでしょうか？
case tharという単語が探しても載っていなかったので、多分「case that」のタイプミスじゃないかな？と考えて訳しました
made sure thatの部分は確かめる、念を押すという意味なので、ちょっと文脈に合わないかな？と思いましたがぶちこみましたよ
A ring bayonet was not ofset from the barrel, making it awkwand to reload a
musket with one fitted.
リング式銃剣は、バレルに装着する形式ではありませんでした。そして、これが装備されたマスケット銃に（弾を）再装填するのを困難にしました。
●Enables infantry aquare formation
●Enhances national prestige
○歩兵連隊の方陣を形成することが可能になります
○国威が強化されます
A defensive posture for musket-armed infantry units, creationg an impassable wall of
steel to fend off cavalry attacks.
マスケット銃で武装した歩兵連隊部隊の為に、騎兵隊の攻撃を防御するための、まさに鋼とも呼べる、突破不可能の壁を作ります。
As the name suggests, this is four two-or three-rank lines of infantry arranged as a
hollow square, with everyone facing outwards.It is a version of the obsolete pike
"hedgehog", making any cavalry charge a suicidal exercise, Bayinets are fixed to
muskets when apporopriate and possible.
この陣形の名前が提唱されました。歩兵連隊が42〜3の戦列を作り、皆を外側に向けて配置します。時代遅れなパイクによる「ハリネズミ」の形になりますが、どんな騎兵隊の突撃も、それは自殺行為に成りえます。銃剣がマスケットに装備された時、apporopurateが可能なのです。
Forming a square requires good order in the ranks, The outer companies of an infantry
unit in line have to "told back" to form the sides and back of the square, without losing
cohesion in the process, The unit colours take up station in the centre, a final rallying
point should the square be broken, it is also possible to form larger squares with more
than one unit.
方陣を作るには、統制された命令と上級士官による規律が必要となります。配列されている歩兵連隊部隊の外側の部隊は、言われた方向を向いて方陣を作らなければなりません。そして、方陣の途中途中で結合部分を失うことなく、部隊の旗手（指揮官）は中央に配置されます。最終的な形成はそうならなければなりません−さもなくば、方陣は壊れているでしょう。逆に（熟達すれば）、複数の部隊でより大きな方陣を作ることも可能です。
the square is , of course, a tempting target for enemy artillery, whether it is better to form square in the face of cavalry and risk an artillery barrage, or stay in line to mitigate artillery fire and risk a cavalry charge can be a tactical conundrum!
方陣は、当り前ではありますが、敵の大砲の格好の的に成り得ます。大砲の集中砲火や騎兵隊に直面しているときに方陣を作るのが良りよいかどうかに関係なく、大砲の砲火を軽減したり、騎兵隊による突撃の危険性を冒すために方陣を作るのかどうかは、戦術的な難問でもあります。
theoreticians argued infantry could defeat a cavalry charge by firepower alone, Brigadier General Richard Kane (Iarer Military Governor of Gibraltar) remake, "If a body of foot have but resolution and keep their Order, there is no body of horse dare a line. He was arguing for discipline as the key to success,
理論家は、歩兵連隊が単独で、火力によって騎兵隊の突撃を退けることが出来ると主張しました。リチャード・ケーン（ジブラルタルのIarer Military知事）が再制作したことには、「もし、体と足が決意を持っているなら、そして彼らの勲位と付き合うかどうかで（名誉を守るために？）、騎兵にもぶつかっていけるだろう。」彼は成功の鍵として、（方陣の）練習をすることを推奨しました。
This ammunition for cannons is a cylinder stuffed with musket bullets that bursts as
soon as it leaves the gun barrel.
Any cannon can be turned into a giant shotgun using the appropriate size of round.
Normal cannon balls are terrible enough when then they hit,but they will usually only kill or
injure a few men. Canister is a short-renge weapon,and used as a last-diteh defence
against a massed attack.The slaughter infliered on neardy enemies can be fearsome
indeed.Usually,canister shots are made of tin, which serves to keep everything together
while it is rammed down the barrel. but is no impediment to bursting effect, It is not
uncommon for artillery crews to load a canister shot on top of a narmal cannon boll,if
they have time, to maximise the killing power.
Canister is still used by armies today, and has been refined over the years: beehive
rounds used flechettes(small darts)rather than round shot, but the principle is the
same. The 120mm main gun on the modern US MI Abrams tank is capable of firing
canister ammunition, making it a 60-tonne armoured shotgun!
Advances in ironwork and in the development of more reliable fuses can be applied to
that most dangerous of hand-held weapons, the grenade.
Grenades are dangerous weapons to their users as well as enemies,Premature
detonation is always a risk, one that will probably kill and certainly maim the grenadier
and anyone else neardy, There is also the need fow a grenadier to throw the grenabe
further than its explosive killing radius! By making the hollow case thinner and being
careful with the powder composition in fuses, it is possible to make grenades slighrly
safer for the user.
Historically, grenadiers were the strongest and largest soldiers, It was rightly assumed
that a big chap could throw a cricket ball(baseball)sized grenade at a distant enemy,
The weighr of a dozen grenades in a pack was not a trivial load, Flintlock grenade
throwers were developed; these had very short, wide barrels and used gunpowder to
launch the grenade - a man-portable mini-mortar! The need to load a musket, light a
fuse and fire at an enemy promptly before the grenade exploded mode them tricky(and
nerve-wracking)to use.
Hollow projectiles, filled with gunpowder, which, by use of a timed fuse, explode near
enemies.
Cannonballs are usually exactly that: solid lumps of iron(or stone, for some early
weapons)that do damage on impact, They must hit the target to have an effect,
Explosive shells, however, are cunningly contrived to explode after a set time, causing
damage and in jury to everything within the blast, A cast iron sphere contains
gunpowder: a lit fuse burns down at a set rate until the bursting charge is reached, The
skill of the gunner is in judging the trajectory of the shot and the length of fuse
required to explode the shell ovre or amongst the enemy.
Historically the weapons used fow shells were most ofren short-barrelled mortars or
howitzers, Apart from anything else, the gunner had to reach down the barrel to ignite
the shell fuse, and then gen out of the way before the piece fired or the shell exploded,
It was not unknown fow gunners to be killed by premature shell bursts, either in the
barrel or shortly after firing! The explosive shell lives on today in the from of cartoon
bombs with the word "BOMB" on the side in large, unfriendly letters.
Enablres construction of:
Dockyad
Naval Board
海軍技術1-2
Naval Architecture Sdvances
碇-5%ecruitment cost for all naval units
壺Enhances national prestige
Enablres construction of:
//////
海軍技術1-3
Refotmed Naval Administration
壺Enhances national prestige
Enablres construction of:
///////
海軍技術2-1
Flintlock Cannon
碇-5% reduction to naval cannons'reloading time
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術2-2
Improved Grape Shot
本 Improves the effectiveness of grape shot
海軍技術2-3
Carronades
壺Enhances national prestige
×Enacles recruitment of
//////
海軍技術2-4
Rified Cannons
本Enacles rifled naval cannons
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術2-5
Sheet Lead Cartridges
碇-5%reduction to naval connons'reloading time
碇-5%reduction to misfires naval cannons
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術3-1
Seasoning
碇-10％ upkeep costs for all naval units
碇+5% recruitment cost for all naval units
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術3-2
Copper Bottoms
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle
碇+5 movement range for ships on campaign map
海軍技術3-3
Improved Coppering
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle
碇+5 movement range for ships on campaign map
海軍技術3-4
Top Gallants
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle
碇+10 increase to movement range on campaign map forships
with top gallants
海軍技術4-1
Sextant
碇+5% movement range for ships on campaign map
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術4-2
Longitude Watch
碇+10% movement range for ships on campaign map
壺Enhances national prestige
海軍技術4-3
Line Juice and Sauerkraut
碇+5% upkeep costs for all naval units
壺Enhances national prestige
×Enacles recruitment of
//////
海軍技術4-4
Preserved Foods
壺Enhances national prestige
剣+2 to morale in battles
■Agriculture 農業技術■
農業技術1-1
Common Land Enclosures
顔 -1 happiness from industrialisation(liwer clases)
人+0.2 to the population growth impact of farms
人Reduces the chance of food shortages
×Enacles building of
/////////
農業技術1-2
Improved Animal Husbandry
人Reduces the chance of food shortages
金+5％ wealth generated by farms
農業技術2-1
Four Field Crop Rotation
人+0.2 to the population growth impact of farms
人Reduces the chance of food shortages
×Enacles building of
/////////
農業技術3-1
Selective Breeding
金 +15% wealth generated by forms
×Enacles building of
/////////
農業技術3-2
Seed Planting Drill
×-15% to cost of constructing farm buildings
×-15% to cost of constructing plantations
壺 Enhances national prestige
農業技術3-3
Advanced Irrigation
人 +0.4% to the population growth impact of farms
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages
金 +10% wealth generared by farms
壺 Enhances national prestige
農業技術3-4
Steam-Pumped Land Drainage
人 +0.5% to the population growth impact of farms
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages
壺 Enhances national prestige
農業技術4-1
人Rrduces the chance of shortages
金+25% wealth generated by farmas
壺Enhances national presige
金属産業2-1
Basic Stram Pump
×-10% to cost of constructing metalworking buildings
×-10% to cost of constructing mines
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業2-2
Coke Blast Furnace
金 +10% wealth generated by metalworking buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業2-3
Measuring Tools
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings
金 +5% wealth generated by metalworking buildings
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業3-1
Csteam Engine
金 +15% wealth generated by metalworking buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業3-2
Machine Tools
剣 -15% recruitment cost for all land units
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業3-3
Puddling Furnace
剣 -15% recruitment cost for artillery
金 +20% wealth generated by metalworking buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
金属産業4-1
Interchangeable Parts
剣 -5% upkeep costs for all army units
碇 -10%upkeep costs for all army units
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
■Textile industry 繊維工業■
金属産業2-1
Spinning Jenny
金 +10% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
金属産業2-2
Spinning Mule
金 +5% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業2-3
Flying Shuttle
金 +15% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
金属産業3-1
Punch-Card Loom
金 +15% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
金属産業3-2
Power Loom
金 +5% wealth generared by textile workshops and factories
金 +20% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables building of: ////////////
金属産業4-1
Mass Production 大量生産
剣 -10% recruitment cost for all land units
碇 -10％ recruitment cost for all naval units
金 +20% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings
壺 Enhances national prestige
碇 -5% recruitment cost for all naval units 海軍募集コスト -5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
Enables construction of:建設を可能にする
//////
海軍技術1-3
Refotmed Naval Administration
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
Enables construction of:建設を可能にする
//////
海軍技術2-1
Flintlock Cannon
碇-5% reduction to naval cannons'reloading time 船の砲弾充填速度 -5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術2-2
Improved Grape Shot
本 Improves the effectiveness of grape shot Grape Shotの改善
海軍技術2-3
Carronades カロネード砲撃（連射）
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables recruitment of 新しく雇うことができる
//////
海軍技術2-4
Rified Cannons
本 Enacles rifled naval cannons ？？？？？
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術2-5
Sheet Lead Cartridges
碇 -5% reduction to naval connons'reloading time 船の砲弾充填速度 -5%
碇 -5% reduction to misfires naval cannons 不発砲の確率 -5％
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術3-1
Seasoning
碇 -10％ upkeep costs for all naval units すべての海軍の維持費 -10%
碇 +5% recruitment cost for all naval units すべての海軍の募集コスト +5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術3-2
Copper Bottoms
碇 +5％ recruitment cost for all naval units すべての海軍の募集コスト +5%
碇 +10% topspeed of ships in battle 戦闘時海軍のスピード +10%
碇 +5% movement range for ships on campaign map キャンペーンマップでの海軍の移動を +5%
海軍技術3-3
Improved Coppering
碇 +5％ recruitment cost for all naval units すべての海軍の募集コスト +5%
碇 +10% topspeed of ships in battle 戦闘時海軍のスピード+10%
碇 +5% movement range for ships on campaign map キャンペーンマップでの海軍の移動を +5%
海軍技術3-4
Top Gallants
碇 +5％ recruitment cost for all naval units すべての海軍の募集コスト +5%%
碇 +10% topspeed of ships in battle 戦闘時海軍のスピード +10%
碇 +10% increase to movement range on campaign map ？？？？？？？
for ships with top gallants
海軍技術4-1
Sextant
碇 +5% movement range for ships on campaign map キャンペーンマップでの海軍の移動を +5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術4-2
Longitude Watch
碇 +10% movement range for ships on campaign map キャンペーンマップでの海軍の移動を+10%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
海軍技術4-3
Line Juice and Sauerkraut
碇 +5% upkeep costs for all naval units すべての海軍の維持費 +5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables recruitment of 新しく雇うことができる
//////
海軍技術4-4
Preserved Foods
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
剣 +2 to morale in battles 戦いの士気 +2(海軍だけ？)
■Agriculture 農業技術■
農業技術1-1
Common Land Enclosures
民 -1 happiness from industrialisation(liwer clases) 下層階級の幸せ -1
人 +0.2 to the population growth impact of farms 農場人口増加 +0.2
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
× Enables building of 高まることを可能にします
/////////
農業技術1-2
Improved Animal Husbandry
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
金 +5％ wealth generated by farms 農場によって発生する富 +5%
農業技術2-1
Four Field Crop Rotation
人 +0.2 to the population growth impact of farms 農場人口増加 +0.2%
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
× Enables building of 高まることを可能にします
/////////
農業技術3-1
Selective Breeding
金 +15% wealth generated by forms 農場によって発生する富 +15%
× Enables building of 高まることを可能にします
/////////
農業技術3-2
Seed Planting Drill
×-15% to cost of constructing farm buildings 農家費用-15%
×-15% to cost of constructing plantations 農場費用-15%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
農業技術3-3
Advanced Irrigation
人 +0.4% to the population growth impact of farms 農場人口増加 +0.4%
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
金 +10% wealth generared by forms 農場によって発生する富 +10%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
農業技術3-4
Steam-Pumped Land Drainage
人 +0.5% to the population growth impact of farms 農場人口増加 +0.5%
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
農業技術4-1
Threshing Machine
人 Reduces the chance of food shortages 食物不足の確率を減らす
金 +25% wealth generated by farmas 農場によって発生する富 +25%
壺 Enhances national presige 国威を強化
金属産業2-1
Basic Stram Pump
×-10% to cost of constructing metalworking buildings 金工建設費-10%
×-10% to cost of constructing mines 鉱山建設費-10%
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
金属産業2-2
Coke Blast Furnace
金 +10% wealth generated by metalworking buildings 金工での収入+10%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
金属産業2-3
Measuring Tools
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings すべての建物からの収入+5%
金 +5% wealth generated by metalworking buildings 金工での収入+5%
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
金属産業3-1
Csteam Engine
金 +15% wealth generated by metalworking buildings 金工での収入+15%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
金属産業3-2
Machine Tools
剣 -15% recruitment cost for all land units すべての陸軍隊の募集費-15%
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings すべての建物からの収入+5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
金属産業3-3
Puddling Furnace
剣 -15% recruitment cost for artillery 大砲兵募集コスト -15%
金 +20% wealth generated by metalworking buildings 金工での収入+20%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
金属産業4-1
Interchangeable Parts
剣 -5% upkeep costs for all army units すべての陸軍隊の維持費-5%
碇 -10% upkeep costs for all army units すべての海軍隊の維持費-10%
金 +5% bouns to town wealth from all buildings すべての建物からの収入+5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
■Textile industry 繊維工業■
繊維工業2-1
Spinning Jenny
金 +10% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+10%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
繊維工業2-2
Spinning Mule
金 +5% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+5%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
繊維工業2-3
Flying Shuttle
金 +15% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+15%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
繊維工業3-1
Punch-Card Loom
金 +15% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+15%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
繊維工業3-2
Power Loom
金 +5% wealth generared by textile workshops and factories ？？？？？？
金 +20% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+20%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of: //////////// 高まることを可能にします
繊維工業4-1
Mass Production 大量生産
剣 -10% recruitment cost for all land units すべての陸軍隊の維持費-10%
碇 -10% recruitment cost for all naval units すべての海軍隊の維持費-10%
金 +20% bounus to town wealth forom textile industry buildings 繊維工業の建物収入+20%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学1-1
Empiricism
本 +5% to technology research rete 技術の研究率に 5%
金 +2 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +2
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
× Enables building of:///// 高まることを可能にします
哲学1-2
Social Contract
本 +10% to technology research rete 技術の研究率に +10%
金 +2 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +2
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学1-3
Physiocracy
金 +3 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +3
金 +15% wealth generated by farms 農場収入 +15%
× Enables building of:///// 高まることを可能にします
哲学2-1
Utilitarianism
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +3 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +3
× -20% to cost of constructing cultural buildings 文化的な建物の建設費-20%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学2-2
Government by Consent
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
本 +5% to technology research rete ターンごとの地域収入 +5%
金 +3 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +3
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学2-3
Division of Labour
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +4 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +4
金 +10% wealth generated by industrial buildings 産業建物による収入+10%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学3-1
Rights of Man
民 -2 happiness (liwer clases),Clamour for reform 下層階級の幸せ -2
本 +10% to technology research rete 技術の研究率に +10%
金 +5 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +5
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学3-2
Separation of Powers
民 -1 happiness (liwer clases),Clamour for reform 下層階級の幸せ -1
金 +4 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +4
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学3-3
National Debt
民 -1 happiness (liwer clases),Clamour for reform 下層階級の幸せ -1
剣 -5% upkeep costs for all army units すべての陸軍部隊のための維持経費-5%
碇 -5% upkeep costs for all army units すべての海軍部隊のための維持経費-5%
金 +8 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +8
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学3-4
Joint Stock Companies
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +5 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +5
金 +10% wealth generated by all buildings すべての建物での収入+10％
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学3-5
Wealth of Nations
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +25% bonus to the growth in trade route income 貿易ルートの収入のボーナス+25
金 +8 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +8
金 +5% wealth generated by all buildings すべての建物での収入+5％
哲学4-1
Citizenship
民 -2 happiness (liwer clases),Clamour for reform 下層階級の幸せ -2
剣 -10% recruitment cost for infantry 歩兵隊募集コスト-10%
金 +6 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +6
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学4-2
Abolition of Slavery
民 +4 happiness (liwer clases),Clamour for reform 下層階級の幸せ +4
民 -4 happiness (nobility),Clamour for reform 貴族の幸せ -4
金 +8 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入 +8
× +30% to cost of constructing plantations ？？？？建設費+30%
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学4-3
Secular Humanism
民 -50% to religious unrest 宗教的不安-50%
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +6 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入+6
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学4-4
Free Trade Doctrine 自由貿易主義
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +25% bonus to the growth in trade route income 貿易ルートの収入のボーナス+25
金 +10 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入+10
金 +25% wealth generated by ports 港での収入+25％
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
哲学4-5
Classical Economics 古典的な経済学
民 -1 happiness, Clamour for reform 幸福改良のための叫び-1
金 +14 per turn to town wealth in the region ターンごとの地域収入+14
金 +15% wealth generated by all buildings すべての建物での収入+15％
壺 Enhances national prestige 国威を強化
This ammunition for cannons is a cylinder stuffed with musket bullets that bursts as
soon as it leaves the gun barrel.
Any cannon can be turned into a giant shotgun using the appropriate size of round.
Normal cannon balls are terrible enough when then they hit,but they will usually only kill or
injure a few men.
Canister is a short-renge weapon,and used as a last-diteh defence
against a massed attack.
The slaughter infliered on neardy enemies can be fearsome
indeed.
Usually,canister shots are made of tin, which serves to keep everything together
while it is rammed down the barrel.
but is no impediment to bursting effect, It is not
uncommon for artillery crews to load a canister shot on top of a narmal cannon boll,if
they have time, to maximise the killing power.
この砲弾は、砲身を離れると同時に炸裂する円筒に詰められたマスケットの弾丸を発射するものです。
適切な大きさの弾を使えば、あらゆる大砲は巨大なショットガンへと変わります。
通常の砲丸は直撃した時には充分に恐ろしいものですが、大抵は僅かな人間を殺傷するだけです。
散弾は近距離兵器で、大人数の攻撃に対する最後の防衛手段として使われます。
近距離の敵に対する殺傷力は実に恐るべきものがあります。
通常、散弾は砲身の中にまとめて詰めるために缶に入っていますが、炸裂効果の障害にはなりません。
一般的ではありませんが、時間があるときは、砲兵は殺傷力を最大限に上げるために、
通常弾の上に散弾を装填します。
Canister is still used by armies today, and has been refined over the years: beehive
rounds used flechettes(small darts)rather than round shot, but the principle is the
same. The 120mm main gun on the modern US MI Abrams tank is capable of firing
canister ammunition, making it a 60-tonne armoured shotgun!
散弾は今日の軍隊でも依然使用されており、長年に渡り改良されてきました：
beehive弾は丸い弾丸では無くflechettes（小さな矢）を使いますが、基本は同じです。
アメリカのM1エイブラムス戦車の120mm主砲は散弾を発射でき、
戦車を６０トンの装甲ショットガンに変えます！
Advances in ironwork and in the development of more reliable fuses can be applied to
that most dangerous of hand-held weapons, the grenade.
鉄加工技術の進展と信頼性の高い信管の開発によって、最も危険な携帯兵器、手榴弾が開発されました。
Grenades are dangerous weapons to their users as well as enemies,Premature
detonation is always a risk, one that will probably kill and certainly maim the grenadier
and anyone else neardy, There is also the need fow a grenadier to throw the grenabe
further than its explosive killing radius! By making the hollow case thinner and being
careful with the powder composition in fuses, it is possible to make grenades slighrly
safer for the user.
手榴弾は敵にとってもそれを使うものにとっても危険なものでした。
常に暴発の危険があった手榴弾は擲弾兵とその周囲の者を殺すか不具にするかもしれず、
また擲弾兵は手榴弾をその殺傷半径より遠くに投げる必要がありました。
容器を薄くし、信管の火薬の合成を慎重に行うことにより、手榴弾は使用者にとって多少安全なものになりました。
Historically, grenadiers were the strongest and largest soldiers, It was rightly assumed
that a big chap could throw a cricket ball(baseball)sized grenade at a distant enemy,
The weighr of a dozen grenades in a pack was not a trivial load, Flintlock grenade
throwers were developed; these had very short, wide barrels and used gunpowder to
launch the grenade - a man-portable mini-mortar! The need to load a musket, light a
fuse and fire at an enemy promptly before the grenade exploded mode them tricky(and
nerve-wracking)to use.
歴史によると、擲弾兵はもっとも強くもっとも大きい兵士達でした。
確かにがたいの大きな男ならクリケットボール（野球ボール）の大きさの手榴弾を
遠くの敵に投げることが出来ると思われていたのです。
背嚢に詰められたいくつもの手榴弾の重さは並大抵ではありませんでした。
火打ち式榴弾発射機が開発されました; 極端に短く、幅の広い銃身を持ち、
火薬を使い榴弾を発射する - 個人携帯式小臼砲！
榴弾が爆発する前に迅速にマスケットを装填し信管に点火し敵に向けて発射する必要があるため
榴弾発射機を使うのはかなり難しく、神経を使うものでした。
碇-5%ecruitment cost for all naval units -5% すべての海軍Unitの雇用費用
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
Enablres construction of: 建設可能：
//////
海軍技術1-3
Refotmed(誤Refotmed 正Reformed) Naval Administration 海軍組織の変革
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
Enablres（誤Enablres Enables) construction of: 建設可能：
///////
海軍技術2-1
Flintlock Cannon 燧石式大砲
碇-5% reduction to naval cannons'reloading time -5% 艦砲の装填時間短縮
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術2-2
Improved Grape Shot 改良型散弾
本 Improves the effectiveness of grape shot 散弾の威力の向上
海軍技術2-3
Carronades Carronades（キャロネード）砲
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
×Enacles(誤Enacles 正Enables) recruitment of 雇用可能
//////
海軍技術2-4
Rified(誤Rified 正Refined) Cannons 改良砲
本Enacles（誤Enacles 正Enables） rifled（誤rifled 正refined?) naval cannons 艦砲の改良
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術2-5
Sheet Lead Cartridges 紙薬きょう？
碇-5%reduction to naval connons'reloading time -5% 艦砲の装填時間短縮
碇-5%reduction to misfires naval cannons -5% 艦砲の不発の減少
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術3-1
Seasoning 調味料
碇-10％ upkeep costs for all naval units -10% すべての海軍Unitの維持費用
碇+5% recruitment cost for all naval units +5% すべての海軍Unitの雇用費用
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術3-2
Copper Bottoms 銅製船底
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units +5% すべての海軍Unitの雇用費用
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle +10% 戦闘での船の最大速度
碇+5 movement range for ships on campaign map +5 CampaignMapでの船の移動範囲
海軍技術3-3
Improved Coppering 改良型銅製船体
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units +5% すべての海軍Unitの雇用費用
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle +10% 戦闘での船の最大速度
碇+5 movement range for ships on campaign map +5 CampaignMapでの移動範囲
海軍技術3-4
Top Gallants トゲルンマスト
碇+5％ recruitment cost for all naval units +5% すべての海軍ユニットの雇用費用
碇+10% topspeed of ships in battle +10% 戦闘での船の最高速度
碇+10 increase to movement range on campaign map forships +10 トゲルンマストを装備した船のCampaignMapでの移動範囲
with top gallants
海軍技術4-1
Sextant ６文儀
碇+5% movement range for ships on campaign map +5% Campaign mapでの船の移動範囲
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術4-2
Longitude Watch 経度の測定
碇+10% movement range for ships on campaign map +10% Campaign mapでの船の移動範囲
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
海軍技術4-3
Line Juice(誤Line Juice 正Lime Juice) and Sauerkraut ライムジュースとザワークラフト
碇+5% upkeep costs for all naval units +5% すべての海軍の維持費用
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
×Enacles(誤Enacles 正Enables) recruitment of 雇用可能
//////
海軍技術4-4
Preserved Foods 保存食
壺Enhances national prestige 国威の向上
剣+2 to morale in battles +2 戦闘時の士気
本 Enables socket bayonets. These replace ring bayonets
壺 Enhances national prestige
× Enables construction of: Military Academy
A blade fitted with a collar that attaches to a musket barrel and then locks in place,
turning the weapon into a useful short pike.
The socket bayonet is a development of earlier bayonets,and corrects their defective
methods of attaching the blade to the musket,Prebious designs simply jammed the
bayonet into the barrel or relied on a tight fit around the barrel,The socket bayonet has
a collar with an L-shaped slot that fits over a lug on barrel,and then turns to locl it in
place,The blade is also offset from the barrel centreline,so thet a soldier can still fire
and then reload his piece without cutting off his own fingers!
Historically,this improvement has stood the rest of time,Sicket vayonets are still
issued for modern rifles and carbines,and still used in combat,The"twist and lock"
mechanism is still used for cicilian purposes as diverse light bulbs and vacuum cleaner
tubes,There is,however,no really satisfactory explanation as to why the French military
decided to offset the bayonet above the barrel,right into the sight line of the user!
New Model Bayonet Drill
剣 +3% to charge bonus for bayonet-equipped units
壺 Enhances national prestige
A drill which has been refined to formalise the latest fashions in bayonet usage,making
for a more effective melee attack.
The first bayonets did a fine job of providing musketeers with the ewuivalent of a short
pile to use in an emergrncy, Because they were pike reolacements, the drills used were
largely based on the well -known and understood pike drills,Now,hawever,bayonets are
seen as something more than substitute pikes,something that pragmatic soldiers
discovered for themselves, New books are emerging a new fashion of
bayonet drill;holding the bayonet-carrying musket at waist height, rather than
advancing with it levelled at shoulder height,There is also an emphasis on the offensive
use of the bayonet,carrying the fight to the enemy, rather than using it defensively to
keep attackers at bay,In the thick of hand-to-hand fighring,however,many soldiers use
their muskets as clubs,as the need to live takes precedence over formal training!
剣 +3% to charge bonus for bayonet-equipped units
壺 Enhances national prestige
A drill which has been refined to formalise the latest fashions in bayonet usage,making
for a more effective melee attack.
The first bayonets did a fine job of providing musketeers with the ewuivalent of a short
pile to use in an emergrncy, Because they were pike reolacements, the drills used were
largely based on the well -known and understood pike drills,Now,hawever,bayonets are
seen as something more than substitute pikes,something that pragmatic soldiers
discovered for themselves, New books are emerging a new fashion of
bayonet drill;holding the bayonet-carrying musket at waist height, rather than
advancing with it levelled at shoulder height,There is also an emphasis on the offensive
use of the bayonet,carrying the fight to the enemy, rather than using it defensively to
keep attackers at bay,In the thick of hand-to-hand fighting,however,many soldiers use
their muskets as clubs,as the need to live takes precedence over formal training!
Historically,this development is the birth of the "spirit of the bayonet"and the belief
in the efficacy of "cold steel"which was to last for the next two centuries in some armies.
剣 -5% recruitment cost for all kand units
× Enables building of; Army Council Gunnery School
As armies grow in size and complexity, foraging and looting tarely support military
operations for long perionds, Supply must be put on a formal footing.
Traditionally, the colonel of each regiment is responsibel for making sure that his men
are adequately clothed and shod, and carry weapons and ammunition to see them
through a campaign, However, as armies increase in size military officers actualy begin
to compete with each other for scarce resources, and this only serves to drive up prices-
and the profits of the unscrupulous and unpatriotic, It also turns the centralised
co-ordination of, and sharing of, campaigh supplies into an administrative tangle, It is
true that it does not matter if an seemingly simple as a common size of cannon ball can
become problematic if every colonel of every regiment is allowed to organised and
order his own weapons.
In addition to laying down standards for drill and military evolutions, during the 18th
Century the army staffs of various nations (such as they were)also began to sort out
the tangle of supply, The whole business was, in many nations, riddled with corruption
and prefential treatment for friends, with bribes and kickbacks as well, While a certain
amount of putting money into friends` pockets was considered acceptable, there were limits.
"Being, in the main, a newly improved method of deployment for the correct use of
light troops upon the field of battle..."
Skirmishers deploy as a screen ahead of the main battle line, usually as a widely spaced
line of men, It is their job to harassthe enemy line by peooering them with a few
musket balls and scout for weaknesses, Most importantly, they must prevent the enemy
from doing the same thing, They will not stop a serious enemy attack only delay it.
Advanced skirmishing requires a degree of intelligence from those in the ranks, They
form small groups, spotting impartant targets in the enemy ranks and deliberately
shooting them, For preference, enemy officers and sergeants are the main victims, as
their loss causes confusion and doubt in the rank-and-file, Lightinfantry officers direct
their men, rather than rigidly control them, leaving the brightest and bost in the army
to make their own kills.
Historically, light troops were hunters, poachers and the like of the complete light
companies from existing regiments gathered into a new unit, A few nations, such as
Great Britain, chose to arm their elite skirmishers with rifles rather than smoothbore muskets.
本 Enables platoon firing drill
× Enables building of; Army Staff College
This firing plan for musketry ensures an infantry unit keeps up a continual barrage of
shots against an enemy,
Nearly all line infantry carry smoothbore, muzzle-loading muskets, These take
considerable taime to reload aftera firing; anything up to a minute for poorly trained or
nervous troops, During that time, the enemy can close or return fire unmolested, In the
time it takes to reload, a unit can be cut down, its half-loaded weapons useless in the
face of an aggressive for, It is sensible to make sure that not evetyone in an infantry
unit is reloading at the same moment; this, in turn, means that not everyone should be
firing at the same time.
Platoon fire is a way of dividing a unit into smaller groups that each fire, reload and fire
again in turn The result is a "rippling fire" down a line formation and, as the last
platoon fires its muskets, the first is ready to fire again, A unit can always give some fire
to the enemy at all the troops in every first platoon fire, followed by all the second
platoons, and so on, creating several ripping barrages down the battle line,
Yhe word "platoon" in this context does not have the modern meaning of being a
sub-unit of a military company, Platoon assignment to what was a "fire group" was
made on an ad hoc or informal basis, and could mean a whole regiment being assigned to a "platoon".
Thanks to precision machinery, barrels can now have very accurate grooves for rifling,
without troubling a master gunsmith to do the work.
Rifling in a barrel imparts a spain to a projectile, making it fry with greater accuracy once
it leaves the barrel, Grooves are cut in a spiral helix pattern on the inner surface is actually
distorted by the gunpowder explosion, and forced into the grooves,
Making such a barrel was a task for a highly skilled gunsmith, meanig that rifling was
reserved for hunting rifles for the extremely wealthy and the no bility, A machine tool
that can do the job means that rifled barrels can be turned out in some quantity, and
that they will be the same time after time, The machine cuts one groove at a time,
meaning that at least six or seven passes are required to preperly rifle a barrel,
Historically, only the British fielded a large force of rifleman, armed with Ezekiel
Baker`s outstanding weapon.
本 Improves campaign map movement speed
壺 Enhances national prestige
Marching to a beat beat unifies the movement of solders, and makes it posible to more
accurately measure pace.
Originally drums were not carried onto the battlefield to provide musical
accompaniment to the business of killing, They were there as a "repeater" system for
the shouted orders, as it was soon realised that a single voice would be lost in the murderous
hubbub of battle,However, it was soon realised that a regular beat was useful in
teaching men how to load, present and fire their muskets, From that idea it is a short
step to making sure that soldiers are trained to do beat a coded tattoo for
particular orders, can also keep taime for a wholeregiment, With cadenced marching, a
unit no longer ambles to its destination, it steps out with determinationl A cunning
colonel can even up the pace and have his men cover more ground by having the
Historically, many colonels of infantry regiments did pay for bands out of their own
pockets, knowing that music could lift the spirits of "the lads" as surely as a bottle of gin.
続き
New Model Bayonet Drill（新しいモデルの銃剣訓練）
剣 +3% to charge bonus for bayonet-equipped units（銃剣を装備した兵の突撃力+3％）
壺 Enhances national prestige （国威増加） 国威があると交渉の成功率があがるらしい
Reorganised Procurement（再編成獲得）
剣 -5% recruitment cost for all kand units（雇用にかかる費用-5％）
× Enables building of; Army Council Gunnery School（陸軍評議会砲術学校）
