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• Rhythms caused by artificial lipid membrane
( 1 ) Excited artificial lipid membrane
It has been known that lipid high molecular mosaic membrane formed through self-organization reacts to chemical matters and the sense of taste.
Here, it's shown as an example that an artificial membrane made of lipid is excited.
Excitation is one of the main characters of nervous cell membrane.
But, this character is not limited to biomembrane made of lipid and protein.
Lipid membranes shown here are self-organized at equilibrium state, they show excitations as seen in nerve cells at non-equilibrium state.
Namely, this is convenient to observe self-organizations on both states of equilibrium and non-equilibrium.
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Here, a lipid called DOPH which is composed of two unsaturated hydrocarbon chains and one phosphate group was used.
This can be regarded as a lipid whose parts corresponding to ammonium groups of lecithin as biolipid are removed.
Unsaturated hydrocarbon chain is a kind of hydrocarbon chain with unsaturated bond such as double bond.
※ The synthetic lipid called DOPH was proposed by Prof. Younosuke.Kobatake ( Hokkaido univ ) and Prof. Mizuko.Yoshida ( Tokyo Kougyo univ ) in 1970 .
DOPH has a character that its aggregative patterns are varied depending on ion-concentration such as sodium ion in touching solution.
This character itself is not rare so much.
Actually, palmitic acid sodium salt to produce soap also has a character to change its aggregative state according to ion-environment.
However, DOPHs are aggregated at random under low ion concentration, they turn to be oil-drops, so that they behave as insulators.
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Meanwhile, bi-molecular membranes quitely similar to bio-membranes are laminated under high ion concentration.
Namely, this lipid is changed into oil-drop or bi-molecular membrane according to variations in ion concentration.
This can be regarded as a kind of phase-transition caused by variations on ion-environment.
We can produce an artificial lipid membrane by only making DOPH stick to a filter on which many fine holes ( of several μm in size ) are made.
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Then, DOPH at low ion concentration ( like oil-drop ) shows high resistance between membranes ( more than several mega Ω ).
Meanwhile, DOPH at high ion concentration has low resistance between membranes ( hundreds kΩ ).
Accordingly, the same as nervous membrane, the produced lipid membrane gets to be put in a state with two different membranous resistances.
Next, a DOPH-membrane was put in the gap between the solution of potassium chloride of 1 milimole
and that of 100 mmol, the water-pressure of 30 cm was added to the membrane from the side of 100 mmol, and a direct current was applied to that.
Then, the membranous electric potential was measured.
※ mmol ＝ 1/1000 of mol
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Astonishingly, although this membrane is made of only lipid without proteins, the membrane is excited.
Then, as the applied stimulus ( direct-current ) increases, the number of response-impulses also increases.
Namely, in this case, the direct-current as an analog quantity is transformed into the number of series of impulses in the membranous potential as a digital quantity.
Moreover, as this membrane is sensitive to the pressure from the outside, the frequency of the series of impulses remarkably depends on slight variations on the applied pressure.
Namely, this plays a role as a transducer to transform the pressure as an analog quantity into the frequency as a digital quantity.
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• Why is it excited ?
We produced a membrane with only one hole to study rhythms of membranous electric potential generated from the DOPH-membrane.
Observing behaviors of DOPH-molecules gathered around the hole with optical microscope, we can find out openings and closings of the hole.
Rhythms of membranous electric potential are generated with synchronizing opens and closes of this hole.
Why does a simple membrane made of only lipid show excitations ?
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