アメリカ国内の人種関係の出来事。1914ー1939
1914–1918
World War I
1914 NAACP published an open letter to President Woodrow Wilson protesting segregation in federal agencies
1915 Carter G. Woodson founded the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History
1916 Representative Jeannette Rankin (R-MT) became the first woman elected to Congress
1917 Marcus Garvey established the American branch of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in Harlem
1917 Harlem Renaissance began
1917 NAACP led a “Silent March” of 10,000 black New Yorkers down Fifth Avenue to protest the East St. Louis race riot
1919 NAACP published Thirty Years of Lynching, 1889–1918, as part of an antilynching campaign
1919 Summer and early fall race riots erupted in twenty-five cities across the U.S.; later called “Red Summer”
1922 U.S. House of Representatives passed the NAACP-supported Dyer antilynching bill; defeated by Southern Democrats in the Senate
1925 A. Philip Randolph organized the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union
1926 Carter G. Woodson inaugurated “Negro History Week,” later extended to Black History Month
1928 Octaviano Larrazolo (R-NM) became the first Latino U.S. Senator
1929 Oscar DePriest (R-IL) elected as the first black congressman since Reconstruction
1929 NAACP-supported “Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work” economic boycott movement began with the goal of securing better jobs for African Americans
1931 A filibuster by Southern Democrats defeated the NAACP-supported Costigan-Wagner antilynching bill in the Senate
1931 Nine black men were wrongfully charged and convicted of the rape of two white women in Scottsboro, Alabama; the accused chose the Communist Party-supported International Labor Defense (ILD) rather than the NAACP to represent them
1932 Hattie Wyatt Caraway (D-AR) became the first woman elected to the U.S. Senate
1933 Joint Committee on National Recovery formed to represent African Americans during the first 100 days of President Franklin Roosevelt’s administration
1934 Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union, an interracial organization, formed to advocate for the fair treatment of sharecroppers and tenant farmers under the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA)
1935 National Council of Negro Women founded
1935 National Negro Congress (NNC), led by A. Philip Randolph, called for the unionization of black workers, desegregation, and the protection of migrant workers
1935 Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO) formed, espousing racial egalitarian rhetoric but allowing discriminatory practices
1936 Jesse Owens defied Nazi racist propaganda by winning four gold medals at the Olympic games in Berlin
1937 The Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters signed a collective bargaining agreement with the Pullman Company, the first such agreement between a black union and a major American company
1938 African American choreographer and dancer Katherine Dunham formed her own dance company
1939 African American contralto Marian Anderson sang in concert at the Lincoln Memorial before an integrated audience of 75,000
1939 NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund formed
資料 https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/civil-rights-act/segregation-timeline.html
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