うわ、この音楽番組はなんだろ！ 全部英語だー、すごいぞ！ あれ、アナウンスも英語じゃん！ 隣で聞いていた母親が「あらー、それ進駐軍放送だねえ。まだやってるんだ。なつかしいねえ」なんて言うではありませんか。これがFEN、Far East Nework（今はAFN, American Forces Network）、在日米軍ラジオ放送との出会いでした。
それ以来、学校から帰るとずっとFEN。インターネットはおろか、二カ国語放送もなかった時代です。FENは生の英語が聞ける唯一のアメリカ文化流入元でした。FENを知ってから、平日は夕食を食べ終わってラジオをつけると、Wolfman Jack Show、土曜日は、FM東京の歌謡ベストテンが終わる午後２時にFENに切り換え、American Top 40を聞く、というスケジュールになりました。ラジオ関東で湯川れいこさんがやっていたのは、夜遅くてほとんど聞けなかった、というもありましたが、FENだと曲は途中で切らずに全部流してくれるし、途中のジングルもかっこいい。Camp Zamaのイベントのお知らせは、生の英語の言い回しが学べるし、逆に日本の季節感も思い起こさせてくれます。ニュースは何度も聞いているうちに最後のシメのアナウンスも覚えてしまい、学校で友達とまねっこし合うこともしばしばでした。友達は、Bay City Rollersの大ファンで、FENだと何度もかかるから、と、やはり毎日聞いていたようです。
FEN news is compiled by the American networks and wire services. For further details, read the Pacific and Stripes. I’m Navy Journalist Carol Tozaki in Tokyo. This is the Far East Network.
This program is about revisiting Japan Spirit: the spiritual backbone of Japan. As the world globalizes, Japanese people are losing spiritual peace and foundation as a nation real fast. It is high time to renew awareness of Japan’s strengths and her special roles so she can make a positive difference in world issues. We hope this exploration will add insights not only to Japanese but international viewers as well.
The host is Takashi Kawatani.
TAPPER: Let's turn to the summit on Wednesday with North Korea.
Vice President Pence just said a few weeks ago -- quote -- "We still await concrete steps by North Korea to dismantle the nuclear weapons."
Researchers at Stanford University, as you know, estimate that North Korea added about seven nuclear weapons last year.
What does North Korea need to do at this summit, what do they need to pledge to do for you to consider it a success?
POMPEO: You have to go back to where we entered this in the Trump administration to think about the path forward.
We have always known this would take time and it would be a step forward, and slower than the world has demanded, right? This is a U.N. Security Council resolution that we're attempting to achieve by getting North Korea fully denuclearized. We started when the Obama administration had a policy, which was
essentially test, pray and cower, right? Let them test missiles, let them test nuclear weapons, pray they stop, and cower when the North Koreans made a threat.
POMPEO: Not remotely what this administration has done. And they didn't build out a coalition, an enormous global coalition we built out through the United Nations, to put that pressure in place to allow us to begin to have what have been real negotiations over the past now six or seven months.
I'm hopeful that, when President Trump and Chairman Kim get together, they will make a big step towards realizing what Chairman Kim promised. He promised he would denuclearize. We hope he will make a big step towards that in the week ahead.
TAPPER: So, what would a big step be? What's the -- what's the kind of pledge that they need to do?
I mean, last summit, it was nice, and the remains of U.S. service members were brought back to United States, but there wasn't any concrete step in terms of denuclearization.
POMPEO: I concur.
Look, we have got work to do on the denuclearization pillar. We have got remains back. We have had testing stopped. Those are all good things. Tension along the border is reduced, if you ask the military leaders, frankly, on both sides, from South and Korea North Korea. Tensions are reduced up.
There are many things he could do to demonstrate his commitment to denuclearization. Our negotiating team was on the ground the last three days. And they will be on the ground again today. I will be there tomorrow to continue these discussions.
There are -- I don't want to get into the details of what's being proposed, what the offers and counteroffers may be. But a real step, a demonstrable, verifiable step is something that I know President Trump is very focused on achieving.
TAPPER: So tensions in the peninsula have alleviated, but your successor, CIA Director Gina Haspel, told Congress -- Congress last month that North Korea is -- quote -- "committed to developing a long- range nuclear armed missile that would pose a direct threat to the United States."
And President Trump after the last summit said -- he tweeted -- quote -- "There is no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea."
Does he still believe there's no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea, even though Gina Haspel, the CIA director, says North Korea is committed to creating this missile to hit the United States?
POMPEO: Having been the CIA director not too terribly long ago...
POMPEO: ... I'm very familiar with the fact pattern.
We do know the history. We know the history of the North Koreans making promises and making commitments, lying, taking American money, when President Clinton said,we have got this resolved back in 1994.
This administration is not going to do that. We -- we have charted a different path. Frankly, we have been criticized for taking that path, where we work, we negotiate, and then the two people who can actually effectuate the denuclearization of North Korea and a brighter future for the North Korean people will gather for a second time.
We have economic sanctions in place. We know the standard for relieving those sanctions. And I'm very hopeful that we will make a substantial step towards achieving the full denuclearization in a verifiable way in North Korea.
The South Koreans, the Japanese have been great partners in this, and we're very hopeful we can get a good outcome.
TAPPER: Do you -- do you think North Korea remains a nuclear threat?
POMPEO: Yes.
TAPPER: But the president said he doesn't.
POMPEO: That's not what he said.
I mean, I know -- I know precisely...
TAPPER: He tweeted: "There's no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea."
POMPEO: Right. What -- what he said is that the -- what he said was that the efforts that had been made in Singapore, this commitment that Chairman Kim, may have substantially taken down the risk to the American people.
It's the mission of the secretary of state and the president of the United States to keep the American people secure. We're aiming to achieve that.
TAPPER: OK. I mean, that's just a direct quote, but I want to move on. Just a few days ago, you said sanctions against North Korea won't be lifted until -- quote -- "We're confident that we have substantially reduced that risk," the risk of a nuclear attack.
But that standard, a substantial reduction of risk, it seems different from what you said just last June. Take -- take a listen.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP, June 13, 2018)
POMPEO: We're going to get complete denuclearization, and only then will there be relief from the sanctions.
TAPPER: So, I guess the question is, has the Trump administration changed the conditions for sanction relief from complete denuclearization, as you said in that clip, to substantial reduction of risk?
POMPEO: No, Jake, there's no change.
Remember, these sanctions cover a broad array of activities. The core economic sanctions, the sanctions that prevent countries from conducting trade, creating wealth for North Korea, those sections are definitely going to remain in place.
There are other things we could do, exchanges of people, lots of other ways that North Korea is sanctioned today, that, if we get a substantial step and move forward, we could certainly provide an outlet which would demonstrate our commitment to the process as well.
TAPPER: So it's kind of a sliding scale, substantial reduction, some sanctions are relieved, but not all, and then complete denuclearization, more sanctions are relieved? Is that right?
POMPEO: Jake, remember, the -- the core sanctions, the core U.N. Security Council resolution sanctions, we have said consistently full verified denuclearization, that's the standard for relieving those sections. That policy has not changed since -- I think since the day President Trump took office.
TAPPER: Take a listen to what the president's director of national intelligence said just last month about the threat from North Korea.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DAN COATS, U.S. DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: We currently assess that North Korea will seek to retain its WMD capabilities and is unlikely to completely give up its nuclear weapons and production capabilities, because its leaders ultimately view nuclear weapons as critical to regime survival.
TAPPER: How do you convince Kim to give up something that he thinks is critical to his regime's survival? What is the United States offering that's better than that?
POMPEO: We have made it very plain to Chairman Kim the alternative to giving up his nuclear weapons is remaining a pariah state, remaining a nation that is unable to trade, unable to grow, unable to take care of its own people.
We have made the argument that it would be far better, far better for Chairman Kim himself, his senior leadership, all of the people for North Korea. We have also shared with him that we are happy to make sure that North Korea's security assurances -- they're worried about China, that the security assurances that they need can be provided in a way that is reasonable.
And we have also told them there will be -- there will be real opportunities, that countries from around the world will come, make his economy one that looks more like South Korea's economy than the one that exists in North Korea today.
Those are the kinds of things. I have had these conversations. I have been with Chairman Kim, I think, more hours now than anybody, including Dennis Rodman.
TAPPER: Let's turn to the summit on Wednesday with North Korea.
Vice President Pence just said a few weeks ago -- quote -- "We still await concrete steps by North Korea to dismantle the nuclear weapons."
Researchers at Stanford University, as you know, estimate that North Korea added about seven nuclear weapons last year.
What does North Korea need to do at this summit, what do they need to pledge to do for you to consider it a success?
POMPEO: You have to go back to where we entered this in the Trump administration to think about the path forward.
We have always known this would take time and it would be a step forward, and slower than the world has demanded, right? This is a U.N. Security Council resolution that we're attempting to achieve by getting North Korea fully denuclearized. We started when the Obama administration had a policy, which was
essentially test, pray and cower, right? Let them test missiles, let them test nuclear weapons, pray they stop, and cower when the North Koreans made a threat.
POMPEO: Not remotely what this administration has done. And they didn't build out a coalition, an enormous global coalition we built out through the United Nations, to put that pressure in place to allow us to begin to have what have been real negotiations over the past now six or seven months.
I'm hopeful that, when President Trump and Chairman Kim get together, they will make a big step towards realizing what Chairman Kim promised. He promised he would denuclearize. We hope he will make a big step towards that in the week ahead.
TAPPER: So, what would a big step be? What's the -- what's the kind of pledge that they need to do?
I mean, last summit, it was nice, and the remains of U.S. service members were brought back to United States, but there wasn't any concrete step in terms of denuclearization.
POMPEO: I concur.
Look, we have got work to do on the denuclearization pillar. We have got remains back. We have had testing stopped. Those are all good things. Tension along the border is reduced, if you ask the military leaders, frankly, on both sides, from South and Korea North Korea. Tensions are reduced up.
There are many things he could do to demonstrate his commitment to denuclearization. Our negotiating team was on the ground the last three days. And they will be on the ground again today. I will be there tomorrow to continue these discussions.
There are -- I don't want to get into the details of what's being proposed, what the offers and counteroffers may be. But a real step, a demonstrable, verifiable step is something that I know President Trump is very focused on achieving.
TAPPER: So tensions in the peninsula have alleviated, but your successor, CIA Director Gina Haspel, told Congress -- Congress last month that North Korea is -- quote -- "committed to developing a long- range nuclear armed missile that would pose a direct threat to the United States."
And President Trump after the last summit said -- he tweeted -- quote -- "There is no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea."
Does he still believe there's no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea, even though Gina Haspel, the CIA director, says North Korea is committed to creating this missile to hit the United States?
POMPEO: Having been the CIA director not too terribly long ago...
POMPEO: ... I'm very familiar with the fact pattern.
We do know the history. We know the history of the North Koreans making promises and making commitments, lying, taking American money, when President Clinton said,we have got this resolved back in 1994.
This administration is not going to do that. We -- we have charted a different path. Frankly, we have been criticized for taking that path, where we work, we negotiate, and then the two people who can actually effectuate the denuclearization of North Korea and a brighter future for the North Korean people will gather for a second time.
We have economic sanctions in place. We know the standard for relieving those sanctions. And I'm very hopeful that we will make a substantial step towards achieving the full denuclearization in a verifiable way in North Korea.
The South Koreans, the Japanese have been great partners in this, and we're very hopeful we can get a good outcome.
TAPPER: Do you -- do you think North Korea remains a nuclear threat?
POMPEO: Yes.
TAPPER: But the president said he doesn't.
POMPEO: That's not what he said.
I mean, I know -- I know precisely...
TAPPER: He tweeted: "There's no longer a nuclear threat from North Korea."
POMPEO: Right. What -- what he said is that the -- what he said was that the efforts that had been made in Singapore, this commitment that Chairman Kim, may have substantially taken down the risk to the American people.
It's the mission of the secretary of state and the president of the United States to keep the American people secure. We're aiming to achieve that.
TAPPER: OK. I mean, that's just a direct quote, but I want to move on. Just a few days ago, you said sanctions against North Korea won't be lifted until -- quote -- "We're confident that we have substantially reduced that risk," the risk of a nuclear attack.
But that standard, a substantial reduction of risk, it seems different from what you said just last June. Take -- take a listen.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP, June 13, 2018)
POMPEO: We're going to get complete denuclearization, and only then will there be relief from the sanctions.
TAPPER: So, I guess the question is, has the Trump administration changed the conditions for sanction relief from complete denuclearization, as you said in that clip, to substantial reduction of risk?
POMPEO: No, Jake, there's no change.
Remember, these sanctions cover a broad array of activities. The core economic sanctions, the sanctions that prevent countries from conducting trade, creating wealth for North Korea, those sections are definitely going to remain in place.
There are other things we could do, exchanges of people, lots of other ways that North Korea is sanctioned today, that, if we get a substantial step and move forward, we could certainly provide an outlet which would demonstrate our commitment to the process as well.
TAPPER: So it's kind of a sliding scale, substantial reduction, some sanctions are relieved, but not all, and then complete denuclearization, more sanctions are relieved? Is that right?
POMPEO: Jake, remember, the -- the core sanctions, the core U.N. Security Council resolution sanctions, we have said consistently full verified denuclearization, that's the standard for relieving those sections. That policy has not changed since -- I think since the day President Trump took office.
TAPPER: Take a listen to what the president's director of national intelligence said just last month about the threat from North Korea.
(BEGIN VIDEO CLIP)
DAN COATS, U.S. DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE: We currently assess that North Korea will seek to retain its WMD capabilities and is unlikely to completely give up its nuclear weapons and production capabilities, because its leaders ultimately view nuclear weapons as critical to regime survival.
TAPPER: How do you convince Kim to give up something that he thinks is critical to his regime's survival? What is the United States offering that's better than that?
POMPEO: We have made it very plain to Chairman Kim the alternative to giving up his nuclear weapons is remaining a pariah state, remaining a nation that is unable to trade, unable to grow, unable to take care of its own people.
We have made the argument that it would be far better, far better for Chairman Kim himself, his senior leadership, all of the people for North Korea. We have also shared with him that we are happy to make sure that North Korea's security assurances -- they're worried about China, that the security assurances that they need can be provided in a way that is reasonable.
And we have also told them there will be -- there will be real opportunities, that countries from around the world will come, make his economy one that looks more like South Korea's economy than the one that exists in North Korea today.
Those are the kinds of things. I have had these conversations. I have been with Chairman Kim, I think, more hours now than anybody, including Dennis Rodman.
