A subject under hypnosis experiences heightened suggestibility and focus accompanied by a sense of tranquility.[10]
It could be said that hypnotic suggestion is explicitly intended to make use of the placebo effect.
For example, in 1994, Irving Kirsch characterized hypnosis as a "nondeceptive placebo," i. e., a method
that openly makes use of suggestion and employs methods to amplify its effects.[11][12]
[edit]Definitions
The earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term "hypnotism" as an abbreviation for
"neuro-hypnotism", or nervous sleep, which he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as: "a peculiar condition of the nervous system,
induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature."[8]
Braid elaborated upon this brief definition in a later work:
[...] the real origin and essence of the hypnotic condition, is the induction of a habit of abstraction or mental concentration,
in which, as in reverie or spontaneous abstraction, the powers of the mind are so much engrossed with a single idea or train of thought, as,
for the nonce, to render the individual unconscious of, or indifferently conscious to, all other ideas, impressions, or trains of thought.
The hypnotic sleep, therefore, is the very antithesis or opposite mental and physical condition to that which precedes and accompanies common sleep [...]
?Braid, Hypnotic Therapeutics, 1853
Therefore, Braid defined hypnotism as a state of mental concentration that often leads to a form of progressive relaxation,
termed "nervous sleep". Later, in his The Physiology of Fascination (1855),
Braid conceded that his original terminology was misleading, and argued that the term "hypnotism" or "nervous sleep"
should be reserved for the minority (10%) of subjects who exhibit amnesia, substituting the term "monoideism",
meaning concentration upon a single idea, as a description for the more alert state experienced by the others.
A new definition of hypnosis, derived from academic psychology, was provided in 2005, when the Society for Psychological Hypnosis,
Division 30 of the American Psychological Association (APA), published the following formal definition:
New Definition: Hypnosis
The Division 30 Definition and Description of Hypnosis
Hypnosis typically involves an introduction to the procedure during which the subject is told that suggestions for imaginative experiences will be presented.
The hypnotic induction is an extended initial suggestion for using one's imagination, and may contain further elaborations of the introduction.
A hypnotic procedure is used to encourage and evaluate responses to suggestions.
When using hypnosis, one person (the subject) is guided by another (the hypnotist) to respond to suggestions for changes in subjective experience,
alterations in perception, sensation, emotion, thought or behavior. Persons can also learn self-hypnosis, which is the act of administering hypnotic procedures on one's own.
If the subject responds to hypnotic suggestions, it is generally inferred that hypnosis has been induced.
Many believe that hypnotic responses and experiences are characteristic of a hypnotic state.
While some think that it is not necessary to use the word "hypnosis" as part of the hypnotic induction, others view it as essential.[13]
A subject under hypnosis experiences heightened suggestibility and focus accompanied by a sense of tranquility.[10]
It could be said that hypnotic suggestion is explicitly intended to make use of the placebo effect.
For example, in 1994, lrving Kirsch characterized hypnosis as a "nondeceptive placebo," i. e., a method
that openly makes use of suggestion and employs methods to amplify its effects.[11][12]
The earliest definition of hypnosis was given by Braid, who coined the term "hypnotism" as an abbreviation for
"neuro-hypnotism", or nervous sleep, which he opposed to normal sleep, and defined as: "a peculiar condition of the nervous system,
induced by a fixed and abstracted attention of the mental and visual eye, on one object, not of an exciting nature."
Braid elaborated upon this brief definition in a later work:
[...] the real origin and essence of the hypnotic condition, is the induction of a habit of abstraction or mental concentration,
in which, as in reverie or spontaneous abstraction, the powers of the mind are so much engrossed with a single idea or train of thought, as,
for the nonce, to render the individual unconscious of, or indifferently conscious to, all other ideas, impressions, or trains of thought.
The hypnotic sleep, therefore, is the very antithesis or opposite mental and physical condition to that which precedes and accompanies common sleep [...]
?Braid, Hypnotic Therapeutics, 1853
【語群】
elaborate musical toy made by
〜によって作られた精巧な音楽玩具
elaborate on
〜を詳述する、〜を詳しく述べる
forget one's real origin
自分の原点［本来の生まれ］を忘れる
break a habit
習慣を捨てる、癖を直す
continue a habit
習慣を続ける
mental concentration
精神統一
withdraw into reverie
幻想に引きこもる
drift off into reverie
空想の世界に入る
spontaneous acquisition
自然獲得
spontaneous action
自発的な行動
abstraction hierarchy
抽象階層
abstraction level
抽象化
become engrossed in reading mystery story
ミステリー小説にすっかりはまる
become engrossed with one's work
仕事に熱中する
train of thought
一連の考え、思考の脈絡
strange train of thought
不思議な思考の脈絡
for the nonce
差し当たって、当面｛とうめん｝は
render ~ an affluent society
〜を豊かな社会にする
render ~ defective
〜に欠陥を生じさせる
shrug indifferently
興味なさそうに肩をすくめる
stare indifferently
関心なさそうに眺める
go home indifferently
あっけなく家に帰る
hypnotic sleep
催眠状態
induce hypnotic sleep
催眠状態を引き起こす
I'm the antithesis of him.
私は彼とは正反対の性格です。
make an antithesis
《修辞法》対句を作る
Poor communication precedes marital trouble.
意思疎通のまずさによって夫婦間の問題が起きてくる。
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