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Abstract
The present cross-sectional study investigated
age and gender differences in motivational manifestations of the Big Five in a large German-speaking Internet sample (N = 19,022).
Participants ranging in age from 16 to 60 years completed the Five Individual Reaction Norms Inventory (FIRNI; Denissen & Penke, 2008a),
and two traditional Big Five measures.
Age differences were found suggesting that mean levels of neuroticism and extraversion are negatively associated with age,
whereas agreeableness and conscientiousness are positively associated.
Openness to experience demonstrated a curvilinear association with age, with the highest mean-levels in midlife.
Gender differences were found suggesting that women, on average, have higher levels of neuroticism, extraversion, and agreeableness,
while men are more open to experience. Neither the main effect of gender nor age by gender interactions were significant in the case of conscientiousness.
In comparison to the two traditional Big Five measures,
age differences in the motivational manifestations of the Big Five as assessed by the FIRNI were more pronounced,
which might be explained by the greater developmental plasticity of flexible motivational processes or the intra-individual phrasing of the items of the FIRNI,
compared to the kinds of behavioural descriptions that are emphasized in traditional Big Five items.
It is argued that the further study of such motivational processes might contribute to a better understanding of personality development.
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論文名：『Age and Gender Differences in Motivational Manifestations of the Big Five From Age 16 to 60.』
出展：「Developmental Psychology, Apr 30, 2012.」
著者：
Lehmann, Regula
Denissen, Jaap J. A.
Allemand, Mathias
Penke, Lars
