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アルコール依存症(アルコールいそんしょう)

1shinkai★:2007/02/04(日) 01:43:12 ID:???0
アルコール依存症(アルコールいそんしょう)とは薬物依存症の一種で、飲酒などアルコール(特にエチルアルコール)の摂取(以下「飲酒」とする)によって得られる精神的、肉体的な薬理作用に強く囚われ、自らの意思で飲酒行動をコントロールできなくなり、強迫的に飲酒行為を繰り返す精神疾患である。

概要

アルコール依存症の患者は、アルコールによって自らの身体を壊してしまうのを始め、家族に迷惑をかけたり、様々な事件や事故・問題を引き起こしたりして社会的・人間的信用を失ったりすることがある。症状が進行すると身体とともに精神にも異常を来たす深刻な疾患である。

以前は慢性アルコール中毒、略してアル中とも呼ばれていたが、現在では通常患者を侮蔑したり患者自身が自己卑下してつかう差別的表現であるとみなされている。かつては、このような状態になってしまうのは本人の意志が弱く、道徳観念や人間性が欠けているからだと考えられてきたが、最近では医学的見地から精神疾患の一つとして考えられるようになっている。飲酒が自分の意志でコントロールできなくなる症状を精神的依存、震顫妄想などの退薬症状(離脱症状、リバウンドともいう)を身体的依存と言い、アルコール依存に限らず他の様々な薬物依存症も同じような特徴を持っている。

日本の飲酒人口は6,000万人程度と言われているが、このうちアルコール依存症の患者は230万人程度であると言われている。飲酒者の26人に1 人がアルコール依存症という計算になり、精神疾患の中でも罹患率が高く、各人の性格や意志にかかわらず誰でもかかる可能性がある病気であるとも言える。(なお、この230万人という人数はWHOの算出方法により割り出されたものである。)

日本では統計的にほぼ毎日純アルコール量で150ml(日本酒約5合半、ビール大瓶約6本、ウイスキーではダブルで約6杯)以上飲む習慣のある人を「大量飲酒者」と呼んでおり、厚生労働省でもこの大量飲酒者をアルコール依存症に近い存在とみなしているようである。

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