原義は「アルコール依存症の親のもとで育ち、成人した人々」を指す言葉（Adult Children of Alcoholics, ACA, ACoA）である。1970年代、アメリカの社会福祉援助などケースワークの現場の人たちが、自分たちの経験から得た知識で、名づけて呼び始めたものである。学術的な言葉ではない。したがって背景にある社会や現場の状況の変化にともなって、定義が少しずつ変わってきている。
その後、アルコール依存症の親ばかりでなく、広義的に子供の成育に悪影響を与える親のもとで育ち、成長してもなお精神的影響を受けつづける人々もアダルトチルドレンの範疇に含める考え方が登場した。クラウディア・ブラックがその提唱者の代表格である。この場合「Adult Children of Dysfunctional Family, and or AC of Divorce, ACoD ……機能不全家族（不健全な親の家庭）・離婚家庭、のもとで育ち成人した人々」と言われ、現在ではもっぱらACというとこのケースを指す。ただし、この定義によるACである人は、ただちに社会生活に支障があるわけではなく、むしろ自身がACであってもそれを自覚もせず大して苦にもしていない人々が大多数であり、一般成人の6〜7割がACといわれている。そのごく一部が心的ダメージが強くメンタルケアが必要とされる。
■悩める人たち
A さん（男性、20歳代） 小学校時代から女子児童のスカートの中をのぞくようになった。中学生になると電車内で痴漢を繰り返し、逮捕された。その後、保護観察中に再犯して少年院に入所。出所後も痴漢行為をやめられず、再び逮捕された。現在は治療の一環として、医療機関が実施するグループミーティングに通っている。
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