オーストラリアのアララト風力発電所に設置された同型風車（クリックで拡大） 出典：GE Renewable Energy
2020年春に運転開始を予定する同発電所は、青森県つがる市の日本海沿岸南北12kmにわたり農地を転用した土地に建設される。日本最大級となる121MWの発電出力を見込んでおり、約9万世帯分の年間消費電力量に相当する発電電力量の全量を東北電力へ売電する。
ユーラスエナジーは風力発電と太陽光発電を併設するハイブリッド発電所「Kennedy Energy Park」を豪クイーンズランド州に建設する。現地の風力発電業者であるWindlab Development社と共同推進している案件で、発電規模は5万8200kW（キロワット）。風力発電が4万3200kW（Vestas社製風車、3600kW×12基）、太陽光発電が1万5000kW（Jinko Solar社製パネル5万5680枚）で構成されており、さらに4000kWh（キロワット時）の蓄電設備も設置する。
発電所を運営するエネル・グリーン・パワー（Enel Green Power）はイタリアを中心にヨーロッパ、北米・南米など世界各地で再生可能エネルギーによる発電設備を展開している（図2）。米国では水力・地熱・風力・太陽光の4種類を実施中で、複数の再生可能エネルギーを組み合わせたハイブリッド発電技術の実用化にも力を入れている。
Natural-gas peaker plants may soon be under threat in a very real way(現実的なやり方で危機に瀕する→現実に存亡の危機に瀕するだろうぐらいか).
“I can’t see a reason why we should ever build a gas peaker again in the U.S. after, say, 2025,” said Shayle Kann, a senior adviser to GTM Research and Wood Mackenzie, speaking at Greentech Media’s Energy Storage Summit. “If you think about how energy storage starts to take over(支配する？) the world, peaking is kind of(いわば？) your first big market.”
The data shows a very clear trend.
Today, lithium-ion batteries are competitive with natural-gas peaker plants in select cases. In a few years, competition will intensify across the country. And with costs only headed downward, Kann called overtaking peakers “a sweet spot” for battery dominance across the U.S.
In four years, new natural-gas peakers will become increasingly rare(4年で新しい天然ガスピーク電源はbecome increasingly rare急速に数を減らすであろう). In 10 years, it's possible they'll stop getting built altogether.(10年後，altogetherすっかり建設が止まるであろう)
“Peakers are expensive. Energy storage should be really good at displacing a peaker(蓄電技術がピーク電源施設を綺麗に一掃することになろうshould be really good at), and also you can use multiple values(そして複数の価値を利用出来るようになる？),” said Kann. “But not even incorporating the multiple values, energy storage is starting to get very close to the point where it can just beat a gas peaker, head-to-head, purely on an economic basis. A decade from now, energy storage always wins.”
Over the next 10 years, the U.S. needs to add 20 gigawatts of peaking capacity to its grid. Over half of that capacity will come on-line in the latter part of the decade: 7,440 megawatts between 2018 to 2020 compared to 12,645 megawatts between 2023 and 2027. That gives energy storage more time to build an economic advantage.
If technology changes faster than expected, the economic argument for storage becomes more compelling.
While the U.S. market includes less than a gigawatt of storage today, it will replace a third of peakers under a base-case scenario in the next decade(現在ギガワット以下の蓄電量しか有していないアメリカの(電力)市場であるが，次の10年で基本シナリオのもとで１／３のピーク電源が置換されるであろう。). If the market grows faster, storage may replace nearly half of those 20 gigawatts of peaking capacity.
“Time and time again in adjacent sectors like solar(太陽光のような近接分野で再三再四), and even in energy storage, technology costs have the capacity to fall faster than almost anybody expects,” said Kann. “Including us.”
These changes are catching regulators off guard. The most recent example: the California Energy Commission's decision to reconsider a gas peaking plant planned for Oxnard.
The California Independent System Operator found the peaker plant would be more expensive than storage -- in an analysis that used prices from 2014. After GTM pointed out the discrepancies between those costs and current industry pricing, NRG Energy, the plant’s developer, suspended its construction application.
That project isn’t completely dead, but the suspension leaves an opening for clean alternatives to meet the capacity need instead.
In South Australia, the need for grid stability and renewables integration prompted the installation of a 100-megawatt Tesla battery in record time. Tesla brought that battery on-line last month.
Gas peakers will still get developed in South Australia. But Tesla's battery could be a sign of things to come.
A report on the two projects from Wood Mackenzie and GTM Research found that batteries -- both alone or paired with renewables -- are not yet competitive with gas peaking plants in that region. But they’re on their way. In 2025, analysts project that standalone and renewable-hybrid batteries will beat out open-cycle gas turbine plants for meeting peak load.
Every year, said Kann, storage is closing in on that economic “sweet spot” that will allow it to beat out peakers.
Want to watch the rest of GTM's Storage Summit this week? Watch the livestream here.
グリーンエネルギーには「根拠なき熱狂」がつきものであり、それについての注意が必要だ。短期での売りや、レバレッジをきかせたファンドを当てにするのはよそう。前述のモーニングスター社のデータで、10年間の運用成績が最低だったのが、ギネス・アトキンソンの代替エネルギー・ファンドだったことを参考に挙げておこう。
William Baldwin
