・ The megasonic coolant method
( Applications of overlapped megasonic oscillations to various processings )
〈 Preface 〉
( 1 ) The trend toward processing liquid reduction
High quality processing, high efficient processing, high productivity, processing for complicated shape, processing against hard material and low cost, etc are always requested in the field of removal processing.
Besides, in recent years, processing technologies friendly to environment also are requested.
A large quantity of processing liquid has been used for removal processing until now ( about the beginning of the 2000's ).
But, of course, dry-processing is desirable from the viewpoint of the protection of environment.
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Actually, in the field of cutting, PCBN-tools and specially coated tools which were developed as high cutting tools in heat-resistance enabled the dry-cutting against hard materials in processing.
Meanwhile, in the case of grinding, the use of liquid for grinding has been indispensable in some extent.
In recent years ( about the end of 1990's 〜 the beginning of 2000's ), various methods to minimize the used quantity of liquid for grinding such as dry-grinding with cold winds, grinding with oil mists, MQL-grinding and OOW-grinding were developed, its effectiveness has been made sure.
However, its applied ranges are still limited.
Until now, dry or semi-dry grindings have never been completely replaced by processing methods with conventional liquid for grinding.
Followings are presented as main reasons.
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・ Special devices are required to generate cold winds or mists.
・ It's not easy to prepare conditions suitable to various processed materials.
・ We had to irresistibly adopt conventional methods because of restrictions in production cost and efficiency related to it.
Of course, it's expected to remarkably reduce the quantity of liquid used for processing without lowering the efficiency in grinding and the quality in processing.
Here, we roughly explain about two new technologies to supply liquids for grinding ( 1. floating-nozzle method 2. megasonic coolant method to perform various processings by overlapping oscillatory energies with liquids for processing ).
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( 2 ) Existing processing methods concerned about the protection of environment
'The grinding with cold winds' devised by Dr.Kazuhiko.Yokogawa is a typical example of the dry/semi-dry grinding methods.
In the case of this processing method, cold winds at −30 〜 −40 °C are blown on a ground part.
In many cases, this method is carried out together with a very small quantity of oil mist.
Meanwhile, this method has following problems.
① Rather expensive devices are needed for this method.
② Fine cutoffs at dried state are issued.
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In the case of the MQL-method ( a type to supply the minimum quantity of liquid for processing ), mist-like vegetable or synthetic ester oils are sprayed on a processed part at 5 〜 10 cc per hour.
By the way, as these oils have polarity, this method has an effect to remarkably improve the lubricant action over its border with even an extremely very small quantity of oil.
Furthermore, Matsubara and others developed an other method called 'the method on water-drops with oil-films' which satisfies conditions for lubricating and cooling at a minimum quantity of processing liquid.
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In the case of this method, a film of above oil ( vegetable or synthetic ester oil, several tens nm in thickness ) is formed on each water-drop ( φ 0.1 〜 0.2 mm in span ), such waters with oil films are sprayed on a ground part.
It has been demonstrated that the processing condition of this method can be more magnified than that of the existing MQL .
Besides, a method to optimize the concentration of oxygen, a method to blow in-active gas such as nitrogen gas, and a method to spray fine particles of dry ice at very low temperature ( −70 〜 −80 °C ), etc have been proposed.
Please see following references ( 4 〜 6 ) to know details of these methods.
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〈 Megasonic Coolant Processing 〉
This is a method to improve properties on processing by superimposing 'mega-hertzian ultrasonic vibrations' on various processing liquids ( such as grinding liquid, cutting liquid, electro-discharge machining liquid, etc ).
This technology was developed by Prof.Kiyoshi.Suzuki in the end of the 1990's .
Since then, this technology has been applied to various processing methods, its remarkable effects have been made sure.
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Especially, considerable effects can be found out in precision grindings on respective materials such as ultra-hard alloy, stavax, optical glass, quartz-glass, sapphire and stainless steel, etc ( including cutting process partially ) and rotational scrapings／drilling-processings on hard materials in processing.
※ Focusing on repeatedly folding of vibrations at in-audible frequency band such as ultrasonic vibrations in a fluid, these remind us of a Rossler-attractor namely a Rossler folded band in the non-linear dynamical system.
Besides, we should reconsider about the 'repeatedly impression' of vibrations at inaudible frequency band on a fluid as an important feature.
Because patterns can be formed on a mold through such a way.
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1. Properties of megasonic coolant
( 1 ) The device for superimposing megasonic vibrations
When mega-hertzian ultrasonic vibrations are superimposed on a processing liquid, a huge acceleration is generated over the processing liquid.
This megasonic coolant method utilizes such a huge acceleration for various processings.
In the point, this is different from the kilohertzian sonic coolant method with the cavitation effect.
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As a liquid on which megahertzian vibrations are superimposed can enter into extremely fine concaves & convexes and can sweep tiny particles, this method has been used for the spinning-washing over a silicon wafer with pure water until now.
Such an ultrasonic wave device for spinning-washing has been already on the market.
Meanwhile, we developed a megasonic processing system which is suitable for grinding and cutting under the collaboration with Megasonic Systems, E has started to sell it ( about the beginning of the 2000's ).
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This system ( MSG-331 type ) is designed so as to selectively generate three kinds of numbers of oscillations ( 1.6, 2.4, 3.0 MHz ) according to respective conditions in processing including processing methods, processed materials.
( As shown in an other fig ) A disk-like oscillator ( an oscillator made of piezoelectric ceramics ) to generate each frequency is put on the bottom of the inside of the nozzle.
Besides, we developed a special megasonic generator for aspheric processing machine too, we confirmed that the device was effective in super-precision grinding including mold for lens.
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( 2 ) Properties of megasonic coolant
Superimposing ultrasonic vibrations on a processing liquid put into the nozzle, the difference in running water between a state without ultrasonic vibration and that with megasonic coolant is shown in pictures.
In this case, an acrylic material ( containing a thermocouple ) on which a liquid with megasonic coolant is sprayed is melted and fused.
This implies that a sufficiently large vibratory acceleration is caused by superimposing ultrasonic vibrations.
Furthermore, the megasonic coolant method can improve the winding character on a matter.
When a tap water is put on a stick made of stainless steel, we find out that its winding state remarkably depends on whether ultrasonic vibration is superimposed or not.
Next, we show characters of megasonic coolant known at present ( about the beginning of the 2000's ).
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( 3 ) Effects of megasonic coolant
It seems that a liquid on which megasonic vibrations are superimposed is applicable to various uses.
Especially, applications of this way to removal processings such as cutting, grinding & polishing and its resulted effects are as follows.
① The suppression of abrasive influence on tool
② The improvement in properties at processed surface
③ The improvement in processing accuracy
④ The improvement in processing efficiency
⑤ The application to hard part in processing ( for example, extremely narrow part )
Furthermore, applied examples to respective processings and its effects are roughly explained in the following.
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2. Effects of MSC on grinding
Next, installing a megasonic coolant nozzle in a highly accurate slicer at static pressure around the main axis produced by T-Mechatronics, we carried out some experiments in grinding and checked its resulted effects.
※ Then, the supplied quantity of coolant was quitely less than that at usual method ( about 0.5 〜 2.0 L/min ).
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2-( 1 ) Influences of ultrasonic frequencies on the suppression of abrasion by grindstone
Grinding an optical glass with a SD 600 grindstone made of diamond, we investigated relations between the quantity of abrasion by grindstone and the ultrasonic frequency.
The suppressive effect against abrasion was not found out at f ＝ 0.8 MHz .
But, raising the frequency so as to be 1.6, 2.4, 3.0 MHz in order, the abrasion by grindstone also was gone to be suppressed.
It's supposed that the liquid for grinding accurately penetrates into a processed part owing to the super-imposition of ultrasonic vibrations on the liquid, so that the rise in temperature at the processed part is suppressed. Consequently, such an effect can be resulted.
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2- ( 2 ) Effects to improve properties and shapes of processed section
Ground sections of optical glass which were caught by a SEM ( Scanning Electron Microscope ) are shown in fig 8 .
Marks left by grinding became shallower and the generation of scratches also was suppressed due to superimposed ultrasonic vibrations on a liquid for grinding.
Furthermore, we ground quenched die steels ( SKD 11 ) and ultra hard alloys with a SD 2000 grindstone made of diamond, and investigated roughness over the section of each material.
Degrees of roughness over a surface Ry at that time are shown in fig 9 .
According to this graph, we find out that it's possible to make Ry be smaller by about 20 % by superimposing megasonic vibrations on a liquid.
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Besides, we applied the megasonic coolant method to the production of ultra hard alloy with super accurate processing machine and the grinding at super precision such as molding for Stavax lens, so that the life-span of grindstone and properties of ground part were remarkably improved.
These results have been made sure by T-Mechatronics ( table 6 ).
2-( 3 ) Megasonic F nozzle
We devised a new hybrid method called 'megasonic F nozzle' by combining the megasonic coolant-method with the floating nozzle-method.
Applying this hybrid method to grinding ultra hard alloy, the ratio in grinding and the degree of roughness over a section were improved in comparison with a case with spraying megasonic coolants through a nozzle.
※ Those data are omitted here.
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3. Effects of MSC on cutting
3-( 1 ) The effect to suppress burning by cutoffs
Megasonic coolant has a suppressive effect against bluing at cutting a steel material.
When we rotationally cut a SCM 415 ( HRC 20 ) in the outer radial direction with spraying a small quantity ( 0.5 L/min ) of water-soluble liquid for cutting on it, it was sufficient to superimpose ultrasonic vibrations on a cutting-liquid for suppressing the bluing and for smoothly issuing cutoffs ( fig 10 ).
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3-( 2 ) The effect to uniformize marks left by biting
Megasonic coolant has an effect to make marks left by cutting edge be uniform too.
Sections of SUS 304 steel which were rotationally scraped by a biter made of ultra hard alloy are shown in fig 11 .
In a case without superimposing ultrasonic vibrations, left marks over a scraped section are un-uniform and tears can be found out in the bottom of each groove.
Meanwhile, it has been confirmed that the uniformization of left marks over a section with megasonic coolant is effective on soft metals such as aluminum, copper and its alloy.
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3-( 3 ) The improvement in properties of making holes
Next, we made five holes on a SUS 304 stainless steel with megasonic coolant, and made ten holes on the material without megasonic coolant.
Abraded states on tips of respective drills used at these trials are shown in fig 12 .
It's possible to suppress abrasions at 'away side' and chiseled abrasions with the megasonic coolant method.
And, the megasonic coolant method is far more excellent than methods until now in precision and property of made hole.
Accordingly, it seems that this method is well suitable for processings on extremely thin holes which have been regarded as very difficult processings until now.
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4. Further developments of megasonic coolant
We have gone on with a study to develop a new technology for removal processing since 1998 .
The megasonic coolant-method was devised by the head writer of this report, Progrssor.Suzuki.
According to researches until now ( about the beginning of the 2000's ), it has been made clear that this method is very effective in not only grinding but also cutting, especially, this shows remarkable effectiveness on microscopic processings and processings at super high precision which have been hard to process at conventional methods.
Besides, as this method has showed its effects on materials required precision processing such as optical glass, sapphire, cemented carbide (≒ ultra hard alloy) and Stavax, etc, applications of this method to fields related to semiconductor are expected.
Applied examples of 'megasonic processing method' to respective uses are indicated in table 7 .
※ ' ' ;
Repeatedly saying, the method to superimpose mega-hertzian ultrasonic vibrations on respective kinds of processing liquids to improve properties of processing.
It's expected that the megasonic coolant method can be expanded to various fields except for grinding, cutting.
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Repeatedly ( iteratively ) folding vibrations at in-audible frequency band in weak bonds among molecules composing a matter at liquid phase or a fluid through a piezoelectric oscillator.
Due to this feature of this method, a dynamical system like the Rossler folded band ( Rossler-attractor ) is 'impressed' in the fluid or on weak bonds among molecules composing the fluid.
It seems that such a character brought the improvement in winding property.
By the way, this method is effective to process quartz.
If quartz is processed with this method, as quartz itself has piezoelectric characters, unexpected 'synergistic' effects may be caused.
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A sound wave is a compression wave of air, namely, dense-sparse ( non-dense ) patterns of the air ( the atmosphere ) are sensed as 'voices & sounds' through auditory organs.
An ultrasonic wave is an atmospheric vibration at in-audible frequency band.
※ A bat can sense this vibration, specific people sensitive to such an atmospheric vibration are included in the human race too.
By the way, it's known that such dense-nondense patterns can be caused over the medium to convey electromagnetic waves, a component as such a compression wave is contained in a seismic wave.
Accordingly, this principle can be expanded into combinations of electromagnetic compressional waves with various matters at liquid phase such as liquidized plasma under a magnetic field, liquid crystal, body fluid and the fluid metals including mercury ( magma is a kind of fluid metal convecting in the mantle-layer ), etc.
Just after the Great East Japan Earthquake happened on 2011/03/11 , large quantities of motion pictures which caught situations of the earthquake were contributed to some web-sites.
In one of them, some professor was saying 'a liquid for digging ( to unearth underground resources ？ ) was flowing out of the sea bottom ！' with astonishment.
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＞ A disk-like oscillator ( an oscillator made of piezoelectric ceramics ) to generate each frequency is put on the bottom of the inside of the nozzle.
Some kinds of crystals work as condensers, if stresses and heats are applied to them, piezoelectric effects appear through those crystals.
In particular, if high voltage-currents and heats are applied to a quartz of those crystals, the original structure of the quartz is deformed.
Besides, a transparent fractional quartz has a special property to transform absorbed electromagnetic waves into a flow of electric charges.
Oppositely, a quartz has an ability to transform a flow of charges into electromagnetic waves namely the piezoelectric effect.
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According to some experiments, a quartz stretches／contracts under some directional electric potential, it transforms an electric wave into a mechanical vibration under abruptly changing electric potential.
※ For example, crystals of Rochelle-salt applied to speaker, microphone.
Though oscillations originated in piezoelectric effect are very faint, as the number of oscillations can be kept to be discrete values, it's convenient to keep a frequency used for radio-transmission constant.
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Furthermore, the following result is known, an electric potential with plural axial directions is applied to this kind of crystal supported by a special device, even if the electric potential is removed, the increased size does not return to the original size.
This means that movements of inner-electrons bring an irreversible change to the whole structure of the crystal.
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Quartz has a transparent hexagonal shape, generally, it has a sharpened top at one side, the strongest energy-focus also is located on the top.
As a quartz turns to be a perfect shape at condition without light, air, water, it optimally grows at a deep layer under the ground or in a vacuum like an outer space.
And, quartzes grow like plants such as grasses and trees.
Moreover, it supposed that about 1/3 of minerals constituting the earth are same as quartz in structure.
Here, it's important that the growth pattern of quartz is similar to that of plants.
Because Fibonacci numbers are widely observed in the growth of plants.
Accordingly, it's probable that Fibonacci numbers are found out in the growth pattern of quartz.
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I had first known about the technology in 2003 or 2004 .
But, according to a person, I heard that the technology failed in commercialization in the beginning of 2015 .
However, I think that interests in this technological method at fundamental research level are still left.
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・ Multi-arc ; Flames generated by the triad of carbon electrodes to recycle pollutants or wastes 〜 1
Multi-arc is a device to generate an arc-flame at ultra high temperature about 4000 ℃ 〜 12000 ℃ .
Three ( or six, twelve ) carbon electrodes are slightly separately placed, those electrodes are only set up in a heatproof furnace.
Flowing an electricity into this simple device, an arc-flame at ultra high temperature is formed near heads of three electrodes.
Even though heads of respective welding bars are mutually separated, an arc-discharge is generated even in water through applying scores volts of voltage.
And, the arc is issued in the directions of respective welding bars.
And then, the number of welding bars ( electrodes ) was increased 6, 12, 24 〜 , a multi-arc with rotational phases could be realized.
This device with more than three electrodes is drastically different from usual welding technologies.
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Three carbon electrodes are sufficient for a small-sized device.
6 〜 12 carbon electrodes are used for large-sized devices, more than 200 A of three-phase current and about 50 V of electric voltage are applied to these devices.
More than 4000 ℃ of ultra high temperature is generated through this extent of electric input.
Actually, burning and melting various matters through this technology, the air and the carbon of electrode are ionized, and a rotational magnetic field also is generated at the same time.
So, many mysterious reactions which have never been observed until now can be caused.
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If a plasma-jet flame at ultra high temperature of multi-arc is radiated in water, an effect same as a thunderbolt will occur.
Namely, natures of the water are varied by waves and oscillations originated in multi-arc.
Characters of 'universal holonic water' receiving influences of multi-arc are as follows.
① Running the multi-arc in water, electronic ions at ultra high temperature ( 4000 〜 12000 ℃ ) can be generated, and then the water is divided into oxygen and hydrogen.
② Furthermore, an intensive wave-energy including far infrared radiations, vacuum ultraviolet rays and shock waves are generated in water.
③ Then, electromagnetic oscillations, rotating magnetic fields and ultra sonic sounds also are generated in water.
④ Transformations in electronic or atomic level are carried out in water by synthesizing energies of ① 〜 ③ .
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Carbon electrodes turn to be like particles and are dissolved in the water through intermittent repetitions of these impacts.
So that, numerous ions are generated through intensive electromagnetic oscillations, the water is transformed into the 'primitive ( or embryonic ) water' .
We have asked the analysis of this 'universal holonic water' for a laboratory of Tokyo Kougyou University.
According to the analysis, though clusters of molecules of water of the universal holonic water are apparently minute, sizes of those clusters seem to be larger than those in measurement.
It's supposed that an unknown 'outside' energy is immersed into molecules of water, so clusters of water-molecules seem to be larger than actual sizes ( gravitational lensing effects in micro scale ? ).
※ Namely, synergistic effects of some or many arc-discharges had been overlooked until that time.
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Namely, in this case, a remarkable disagreement between observed image and actually measured result in molecular size appears owing to 'something' .
This 'something' has a considerable significance, but what's 'something' is not made clear at that time ( in 1995 ).
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・ Multi-arc ; Flames generated by the triad of carbon electrodes to re-cycle wastes 〜 2
Some plans using this method have been already realized ( according to a book issued in 1995 ).
As an example, a way to purify the sea, rivers and lakes has been presented.
In this case, convections, fluctuations and ascending flows of burning-gas, oxygen, hydrogen and thermal water are caused by radiating flames of multi-arc in water, and then anaerobic sea, rivers and lakes are activated.
・ The building of the vessel for disposing pollutants
Briefly saying, the vessel for disposing pollutants is a movable facility to convey pollutants & wastes issued from cities and factories into the vessel in which a multi-arc device is put and to process those conveyed wastes through burning by multi-arc in water.
Furthermore, as energies generated through this process are re-used for steam turbine, steam generation of electricity, distilled water, heating and heat source for kitchen work, the use of energy such as oil and nuclear power can be minimumly kept down to move the vessel.
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This vessel for disposing pollutants mainly has following five functions too.
① This multi-arc can transform pollutants & wastes into harmless ceramics.
For example, processing industrial burnt ash through multi-arc, the volume of ash is reduced into below 1/10 of that.
As the same time, the ash turns to be the mixture of ceramics and metals.
As this mixture is easily separated into two matters, those can be used as resources.
Colloidal sediment ( including heavy metal sludge ), volcanic ash, slag, sand of desert as well as leftover ash also can be transformed into ceramics through processing by multi-arc.
② When the vessel moves in the sea, gathering floating matters on the surface of sea such as red tide, oil film, putting those gathered matters into a tank for processing and radiating flames of multi-arc to gathered matters, we can easily solve the problem of floating matters on the surface of water.
For example, even if an outflow accident of oil happens, this vessel for disposing pollutants can take such an accident in stride.
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③ Dredged sludges from rivers or the sea can be melted and solidified through multi-arc in the vessel.
Or, pouring a molten part into hydrous sludges, it becomes easy to process such as solidifying concrete due to the reduction of moisture.
And, generating the flame of multi-arc in a running water in vacuum, it's possible to efficiently process sludges with using principles of vacuum and whirlpool (≒ gulf).
④ It's possible to resolve, sterilize and melt bottom-sludges in rivers and the sea through processing with multi-arc.
⑤ To change wastes containing toxic substances such as dusts and sludges into harmless matters, those wastes are resolved and melted by the radiation of the flame of multi-arc.
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By the way, large quantities of methane gases are generated in processing colloidal sediments.
If this methane gas is issued through the central part of flame of multi-arc namely the central part of multi electrodes with multi phase, the issued methane gas turns to be the flame of plasma-jet and the flame is re-used as a large energy.
Above functions of vessel for disposing pollutants can be applied to the project to build reclaimed facilities as well as waste-disposal.
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The bigger the vessel for disposing pollutants is, the more the ability to dispose gets.
So, extra aircraft carriers may be used as such vessels for disposing pollutants.
・ Kinds and applications of multi-arc furnace
For example, it's possible to resolve and make it harmless toxic substances such as PCB, Freon, trichloroethylene which has been difficult to resolve until now in an airtight container through multi-arc processing.
Concrete applied examples are shown in the following.
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① Disposal of tire and plastic
As a multi-arc furnace can get high temperature without air, thermally resolved tires and plastic are transformed into fuel gas.
So that, it becomes possible to generate electricity by boiler.
Furthermore, carbons, ceramics and metals can be withdraw through this process.
If flammable matters such as tire and incombustible matters such as colloidal sediment, unused soil, glass, metallic scraps and containers are put into the furnace together for melting, products in better quality can be obtained.
② Disposal of medical wastes
Harmful bacteria contained in medical wastes can be completely disinfected because the multi-arc furnace does not need air, it takes a circulatory method to lead to high temperature.
Besides, its remnants are transformed into ceramics and metals.
③ Disposal of burnt ash
Without dropping this ash into a water tank, if ash at high temperature is put into the multi-arc furnace through a conveyer, the efficiency for melting will rise.
Furthermore, burnt ash can be transformed into ceramics through this process.
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④ Disposal of PCB, mercury and radioactive wastes
These matters can be transformed into clean matters through multi-arc because an arc at high temperature and a flame of plasma-jet are generated even in a closed furnace completely shutting out air, this method can melt all metals and ceramics and resolve harmful gas.
Furthermore, remnants are transformed into useful matters.
⑤ Disposal of colloidal sediment and harmful water
As multi-arc can divide water into oxygen and hydrogen and can generate intensive oscillating energies,
toxic plating liquids, colloidal sediments polluted by PCB and dioxin also can be efficiently processed so as to be harmless through this method.
And, spouting methane gas generated in processing into the flame of multi-arc, it turns to be a strong jet-flame.
Colloidal sediments can be transformed into low-cost useful ceramics through the energy of jet-flame.
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⑥ Disposal of kitchen garbage
Kitchen-garbages can be processed together with bad fuel such as waste oil and wastes possible to thermally resolve in a lump through the multi-arc furnace.
And, carbons, ceramics can be extracted from processed matters.
Besides, transforming burnt matters into gases, those gases can be used for generation of electric power.
⑦ Demolition of building, disposal of bulky garbage
Containers, TVs, refrigerators, beds and mattresses, bath-facilities, business-machines and wastes from companies and factories have been broken down through grinders until now.
A multi-arc furnace can process these wastes in a lump.
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⑧ Disposal of large-sized device including automobiles
At present, when large-sized devices such as automobiles are taken into pieces, respective parts are segregated into metals, glasses, plastics and rubbers, etc to press those matters.
Meanwhile, a multi-arc furnace can melt these parts together with waste oils without using grinders.
And, according to respective specific gravities, porous matters, ceramics, irons, coppers, leads and novel alloys & materials can be withdrawn from processed matters.
So, troubles for separating are unnecessary.
Besides, a multi-arc furnace can process tires, batteries and seats in a lump too.
Furthermore, as issued thermal energies, fuel gas, carbon, active carbon also are re-used, troubles for demolition are not required.
⑨ Super large-sized facility for disposal
Enormous dangerous wastes are issued from large-sized hospitals.
We can build a large-sized furnace to process these wastes in a lump by using multi-arc.
The bigger the size of furnace gets, the more the usable thermal energy increases.
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・ It's expectable to get various new materials through this way
Colloidal sediments and burnt ash can be transformed into new materials like jewels through multi-arc.
Furthermore, melting volcanic ash, slags and sand of desert through this way, we can obtain dielectric ceramics like jewels.
〈 Other Examples 〉
・ Good silicons in quality can be obtained from molten burnt ash.
And, a tungsten is melted to be like a glass, so that a very hard compact one can be derived.
・ Melting cans through flame of multi-arc
It's possible to produce a metal in fine thermal property which is harder and more difficult to rust than stainless steel.
Because crystal organizations ( or crysalline compositions ) of aluminum and carbon are changed into new materials at high temperature or through arc-flame.
・ Radiating arc-flame to aluminum ash, a perfect ball-like foam material can be drawn.
Even if this foam material is exposed to raging flames, it's not burnt and melted, besides toxic smokes are not generated from it.
Namely, this one can be a safe, clean and very good heat-resistant／adiabatic material in quality.
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・ Melting waste sludges through this way, it's possible to draw ceramics tolerant to rapid heating and rapid cooling.
These are suitable to insulation, fire-resistance. And, if these are processed into fine wires, they become clothes of ceramics which are far tough than glass-fibers.
As the above, wastes which are hard to dispose can be processed in a lump through multi-arc namely synergetic effect of some or many arc-discharges.
Furthermore, huge energies issued from this process can be reused for generation of electric power.
For example, wastes of more than fifty thousand tons are issued from three major cities in some country every day.
If these wastes are transformed into energies, a large-sized power station of 183 kW class can be worked.
Then, if we find out efficient ways to distribute electric currents, electric voltages, phases and special wave-forms, etc, a proper energy-grid will be formed.
※ This method can contribute to the biomass-industry and the development of new materials.
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〈 Additions 〉
Electrostatic cooling ;
Applying discharges from a power source at high voltage to a matter at ultra high temperature, a cooling effect which is more than an ionic wind originated in those discharges appears.
In this case, an unknown energy-source for cooling must be taken into consideration to make the first and the second law of thermodynamics hold.
Furthermore, this phenomenon is related with arc-discharge.
※ A spark-discharge is observed as a dendritic spark like a thunder, on the other hand, an arc-discharge is observed as a glow-like or plasma-like discharge.
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Besides, this arc-discharge has an action as a 'negative resistance' .
The 'negative resistance' in this case is different from that of oscillating switching component.
Namely, the negative resistance in this case is caused without the hysteresis of applied voltage.
And, end-thermal effects and the release of electric energy occur with electrifying.
The existence of unknown energy-source must be taken into consideration to properly explain of such a phenomenon.
※ When we consider about electrostatic cooling, we may have to suppose of the 'depth' of complex electro-static potential as a kind of virtual potential.
The same as the generation of plasmoids, it's supposed that the synergetic effect of arc-discharges has close relation to unknown energy-fields under specific conditions.
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It's prohibited to write the name of the developer of this technology ( multi-arc ), the name of the company dealing with this technology and the location into this BBS.
Multi-arc is called multi-phase arc flame in detail.
It's regarded that this extremely exotic phase transition receives influences from unknown interactions among some or many phase spaces ( moduli spaces ).
In fact, such inter-actions among phase spaces have been significant blind spots.
Choma tou-park is located in West 15th street & North 2nd street of Obihiro ( 帯広 means 'broad band' )-city in Hokkaido.
※ This park is adjoining to a hospital.
'Choma' is originated in 'Chi homa' in Aynu-language, 'Chi homa' means receiving misfortunes and disasters such as diseases, un-desirable happenings & encounters.
By the way, there exists a ground stone passage leading toward the northeast direction ( this direction is called 'the azimuth of demon's gate' in Feng Shui or Yin & Yang ) from a spot near the ominous park.
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I heard that the name of this company would be changed to ‘Shibaura Machine’ in the April of 2020 .
‘Toshiba’ is the abbreviation for ‘Tokyo Shibaura Electrical Machinery’ .
I also knew this company in relation to a notorious incident disclosed in 1987 which is called ‘Toshiba-Kongsberg Scandal’ .
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＞ ‘酒乱・大西共産党’ ( the Great Western Communist Party as a Hopeless Alcoholic )
It’s one of the obscure assassins operated through Kodoku (蠱毒) by Sikoku (死国 and/or 尸国).
According to plural reports, that hopeless alcoholic also is included in such ‘obscure assassins’ .
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しかも、その「中島」というのが (中島さんとか地名などの名称由来でなく) 公園が 市の中央の島状領域のように ( as an insular domain placed on the central region of the city ) 存在している ‘状態’ を表しているのだという。
これは、東京都にある ‘横田’ という地名が ‘a lateral field’ という意味に、富士通の ‘富士’ が名称由来というより元は、古河電工とジーメンス (Siemens, ドイツの電機メーカー) との (国際的な) 共同出資によって設立された記念すべき企業であることを示唆している名前だった事実から受ける驚きにも似ている。
